Hydrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption with tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium semi‐clathrate hydrates for gas separations

Gas adsorption rates of H₂, CO₂, and H₂‐CO₂ gas mixture (H₂/CO₂ = 3.4) with tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium salt (bromide, chloride, and fluoride) semi‐clathrate hydrate particles were measured at 269 K to assess their properties for gas separation. Equilibrium gas occupancies in the S‐cages of the particles were in order of (high to low) for hexagonal structure‐I, tetragonal structure‐I, and superlattice of cubic structure‐I structures with the maximum fractional occupancy by CO₂ being about 40%. The CO₂ diffusion rate depended on the anion size of the salt, which is attributed to distortion of the S‐cage that is close to the molecular size of CO₂. Simulations of semi‐clathrate hydrate particles with theory showed that H₂/CO₂ selectivities could be as high as 36 (3.0 mol% TBAF) and that selectivities for an ideal membrane (3.3 mol% TBAF) could be >100 (269 K, 0.3–4.5 MPa). Semi‐clathrate hydrates have wide application as separation media for gas mixtures. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 992–1003, 2015     

Effects of SiNx interlayer on characterisation of amorphous diamond-like carbon films

The magnetron sputtering amorphous diamond-like carbon film is successfully deposited by SiN_x interlayer approach. The scanning electron microscopy study reveals the creation of high uniform surface micrograph diamond-like carbon films with SiN_x interlayer. For comparison, diamond-like carbon films with different interlayers are also grown. The Raman spectra are analyzed in order to characterize the stressed induce peak shifts of the films. The interactions of C atom with Si(100) and SiN_x surface are studied by density functional theory simulation. The effects of interlayers on the films deposition and the considering deposition mechanism are discussed. It is suggested that the diamond-like carbon and SiN_x bilayer structure can help to render applications in protective coatings and high quality silicon on diamond related radiation tolerance devices.     

Diffusion bonding of TiAl based alloy to Ti–6Al–4V alloy using amorphous interlayer

Powder metallurgical TiAl based alloy and Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy were diffusion bonded at 915 °C for 1 h under a pressure of 80 MPa. Single Ti‐based amorphous or Ni‐based amorphous foil was utilized as an interlayer during diffusion bonding process. The tensile mechanical properties of the diffusion bonded joints between TiAl based alloy and TC4 alloy were tested. The fracture surface and microstructure characteristic of these joints were also observed carefully by scanning electron microscope. The TiAl based alloy with a fully lamellar microstructure is more suitable for diffusion bonding to TC4 alloy. Adding a Ti‐based amorphous interlayer is more conducive to the element diffusion, giving rise to the improvement in the mechanical properties of the diffusion bonded joints. Results also show that the diffusion bonded joints form a metallurgical bond and fracture in a brittle manner.     

X80M级准1219 mm×18.4 mm螺旋埋弧焊管全壁厚补焊工艺研究

利用夏比冲击、显微硬度和拉伸试验对6种焊材在相同补焊工艺下的全壁厚刨透补焊焊缝进行了性能对比研究,筛选出焊缝性能较优的对应补焊焊材。并以此焊材作为X80M级φ1219 mm ×18.4 mm螺旋埋弧焊管焊缝缺陷手工修补用专用焊材,进行了不同补焊工艺参数的全壁厚刨透补焊试验,并对补焊焊缝进行低温冲击试验,通过比较确定出X80M级φ1219 mm×18.4 mm螺旋埋弧焊管全壁厚刨透补焊工艺方案。结果表明,上海焊接器材厂生产的SH J557焊条用于X80M级φ1219 mm×18.4 mm螺旋埋弧焊管焊缝缺陷全壁厚刨透手工修补更为合适,各项性能指标更高;确定的补焊工艺参数合理可行,确保了补焊焊缝的质量和钢管的批量化生产。     

Fabrication and characterization of in-situ duplex plasma-treated nanocrystalline Ti/AlTiN coatings

Plasma nitriding and plasma-assisted PVD duplex treatment was adopted to improve the load-bearing capacity, fatigue resistance and adhesion of the AlTiN coating. Ion etch-cleaning was applied for better adhesion before plasma nitriding. After plasma nitriding Ti interlayer was in-situ deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS), followed by the AlTiN coating through in-situ deposition by advanced plasma-assisted arc (APA-Arc). The microstructure and properties of the duplex-treated coating were carefully characterized and analyzed. The results show that the thicknesses of the nitriding zone, the γ′-Fe₄N compound layer, the Ti interlayer and the AlTiN top layer with nanocrystalline microstructures are about 60 μm, 2–3 μm, 100 nm and 6.1 μm, respectively. The nitriding rate is about 30 μm/h and the AlTiN coating deposition rate reaches 6.1 μm/h. The interfacial adhesion of the Ti/AlTiN coating is well enhanced by ion etch-cleaning and a Ti interlayer, and the load-bearing capacity is also improved by duplex treatment. In addition, the instinct hardness of the Ti/AlTiN coating reaches 3368HV_0.05 while the wear rate coefficient of 5.394×10⁻⁸ mm⁻³/Nm is sufficiently low. The Ti/AlTiN coating, which possesses a high corrosion potential (E_corr=−104.6 mV) and a low corrosion current density (i_corr=4.769 μA/cm²), shows highly protective efficiency to the substrate.     

Ti-Nb-Cu作缓冲层的TiC金属陶瓷/304不锈钢扩散连接

对TiC金属陶瓷和304不锈钢进行真空扩散连接实验,并采用Ti/Nb/Cu中间层以实现活性连接并缓解接头残余应力的目的。对焊接接头进行详细的组织分析和力学性能测试来评估焊接工艺。分析发现在TiC金属陶瓷和304不锈钢之间形成明显的转变过渡区,界面反应产物为（Ti,Nb）,剩余Nb,剩余Cu以及 Cu（s.s）。连接温度925℃,保温时间20min,压力8MPa下得到的接头剪切强度达84.6MPa,此时脆性断裂发生在靠近界面处的陶瓷内部。结果表明,中间层Ti/Nb/Cu的合理选择能很好的降低金属间化合物对接头性能的有害作用,而且Nb对接头残余应力的改善起到关键作用,有效的提高了接头强度。     

坝基不同倾角软弱夹层的破坏模式及D-C模型参数研究

坝基岩体中的软弱夹层对抗滑稳定影响重大,因此对其破坏模式及本构模型参数的研究具有重要意义。采用软弱夹层重塑样进行三轴压缩试验,下部未泥化部分采用泥化部分土掺入20%水泥代替,上部采用泥化部分土制样,泥化部分与未泥化部分交界面分别制成0°,30°,45°,60°倾斜面并作粗糙处理模拟实际界面特性。试验结果表明:含不同倾角结构面的软弱夹层试样临界角范围为58.3°～61.7°,当结构面倾角介于临界角范围之内时,软弱夹层试样沿结构面破坏,当结构面倾角位于临界角范围之外时,软弱夹层试样在上部泥化部分土中破坏;对软弱夹层试样三轴试验ε((σ_1-σ_3))–ε_1关系曲线进行线性拟合,结果表明,随围压增加,试样初始切线模量及极限破坏强度均增加,根据试验结果得出了相应的D-C模型参数并将其应用于坝基抗滑设计中,取得了良好效果。本研究成果对坝基软弱夹层的抗滑设计及同类软弱夹层工程性质的研究具有一定参考价值。     

Graphene-coated copper foam interlayer for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium

Problems such as poor structural integrity, inhomogeneous dispersion, and agglomeration of graphene in the brazing seam are typically encountered for graphene additives in a brazed joint interface. To resolve these problems, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was employed for in-situ preparation of a high-quality graphene-coated copper (Cu) foam composite interlayer prior to be applied for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium. The prepared graphene and the brazed joints were characterized via Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that graphene was evenly distributed in the brazing seam with the help of the Cu foam, which was characterized by interconnected porosity. Simultaneously, the excellent chemical inertia of graphene inhibited the collapse of the Cu foam, based on which the thermal residual stress in the joint was effectively mitigated due to the synergistic reinforcement effect of the Cu foam (with good plastic deformation capacity) and graphene (with extremely low coefficient of linear expansion). This effect led to significant improvement in the average shear strength of the joint.     

锌夹层对铝合金超声搅拌摩擦点焊Hook缺陷的影响

对于铝合金的搅拌摩擦点焊,Hook缺陷是制约接头焊接质量的原因之一. 文中提出一种添加锌夹层的超声搅拌摩擦点焊新工艺,在利用超声可提高材料流动性及促进元素扩散的同时,添加纯锌中间层,使界面形成低熔点共晶进一步促进Hook区材料的冶金结合,从而改善Hook形貌,提升接头焊接质量. 结果表明,添加锌夹层可明显改善接头Hook形貌,显著提高了Hook区有效连接面积. 在不同热输入条件下,添加锌夹层后超声搅拌摩擦点焊接头的拉剪强度均有所提高. 当转速为600和1 200 r/min时,添加锌夹层比常规超声搅拌摩擦点焊工艺得到的接头拉剪失效载荷分别提升了21.36%和12.79%.