数字散斑相关法在SEM观测岩石变形时的应用

通过带扫描电镜的伺服实验机对岩石进行了原位拉伸观测实验,实时采集了岩石变形破坏过程中表面细观形貌的扫描电镜(SEM)照片.将亚像素插值和相关系数插值相结合,有效提升了数字散斑相关法的搜索效率和计算精度,并通过自行研发的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)程序实现了岩石SEM图像中微小变形的分析计算.通过对比实验测定结果和软件计算结果,验证了算法的有效性.结果表明:岩石变形具有明显的非均匀性,在整体受拉的情况下局部出现受压区,其原因在于应力集中或损伤软化现象,且随着载荷的增加,损伤逐渐加剧并导致应变集中,从而诱发断裂.     

Highly accurate SNR measurement using the covariance of two SEM images with the identical view

Quality of an SEM image is strongly influenced by the extent of noise. As a well-known method in the field of SEM, the covariance is applied to measure the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This method has potential ability for highly accurate measurement of the SNR, which is hardly known until now. If the precautions discussed in this article are adopted, that method can demonstrate its real ability. These precautions are strongly related to "proper acquisition of two images with the identical view," "alignment of an aperture diaphragm," "reduction of charging phenomena," "elimination of particular noises," and "accurate focusing," As necessary, characteristics in SEM signal and noise are investigated from a few standpoints. When using the maximum performance of this measurement, SNR of many SEM images obtained in a variety of the SEM operating conditions and specimens can be measured accurately.     

Inhibition effect of a synthesized N, N＇-bis（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）- 1, 3-propandiimine on corrosion of mild steel in HC1

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl by N, N′-bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-1, 3-propandiimine (2-HBP) has been investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry measurements. The experimental results suggest that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. Polarization curves reveal that this organic compound is a mixed type inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel with the addition of the Schiff base was studied in the temperature range from 25℃ to 65℃. The experimentally obtained adsorption isotherms follow the Langmuir equation. Activation and thermodynamic adsorption parameters such as E a , ΔH, ΔS, K ads and ΔG ads were calculated by the corrosion currents at different temperatures and using the adsorption isotherm. The morphology of mild steel surface in the absence and presence of 2-HBP was examined by atomic force microscope (AFM) images.     

杂酚废水对厌氧颗粒污泥微生物影响

为去除生产双酚A工业废水中的苯酚、丙酮、双酚A以及溶解于丙酮中很多难以监测的含酚类成分,通过厌氧颗粒污泥静态培养及驯化,验证其厌氧微生物对此类废水的适应性及处理效果．在颗粒污泥对该杂酚废水的静态适应性实验中,其微生物对该杂酚废水有较好的适应性,6 h的接触时间就可以使原水的COD降低约58％．驯化及连续运行60 d后在水力停留时间为9 h时,可使COD去除率达50％．利用扫描电镜观察反应器内实验前后的颗粒污泥,发现其内部和表面微生物均有很大的差异．     

扫描隧道显微镜精密工作台的神经网络控制

针对目前扫描隧道显微镜超高精度位移的要求,提出了一种基于神经网络的精密工作台控制方案。在分析微位移机构工作原理的基础上,建立了工作台的数学模型。神经网络辨识器在线辨识工作台的机械参数,神经网络自学习PID控制器代替传统PID控制器,实现了样本的在线采集,有效克服了神经网络控制器需要离线训练的缺点。利用BP网络的自学习和自适应能力,实时调整网络加权值,改变控制器的控制系数,增强了系统的实时控制性能。实验结果表明,相对于传统PID控制算法,参考位移量为10μm时,达到稳态值的时间从3.8 s缩短到1.8 s,稳态误差从4.2%减小到1.9%。     

Nanoindentation and nanomachining characteristics of gold and platinum thin films

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and an experimental method were carried out to study the effects of applied load, hold time, and temperature on nanoscratching and nanoindentation of gold and platinum thin films. The simulated results showed that the wear depth of gold decreased as the scratching velocity was increased and the temperature was decreased. The results also indicated that when the simulated nanoindentation of gold film hold time was increased, the plastic indentation depth and the plastic energy both increased. In addition, the experimental results showed that the groove depth for gold films was larger than that of platinum films under the same machining load. The wear depth and the surface roughness of platinum films were larger than those of gold films under the same lateral machining feed. Furthermore, the simulated plastic energy of gold films was compared during nanoindentation test.     

羊同种庆大霉素抗菌骨的制备及抗感染和成骨效果的扫描电镜观察

目的：研制一种既有抗感染能力，又有成骨作用，且免疫原性低的新型植骨材料。方法：采用超声和负压双重复合法制备复合庆大霉素羊同种抗菌骨，辐照灭菌后，植入羊股（肱）骨骨缺损合并感染模型，通过扫描电镜观察其抗感染效果及成骨能力。结果：抗菌骨组在体内抗感染和成骨效果明显优于对照组。结论：庆大霉素羊同种抗菌骨具有较好的局部抗感染效果及成骨能力。     

阵列式共焦显微系统超分辨特性的研究

针对光学阵列共焦显微系统中存在分辨力的下降，提出引入一种新型三区振幅型光瞳滤波器以提高其三维探测能力。首先根据基尔霍夫衍射理论推导出光学阵列共焦显微系统三维相干成像公式，与现有理论相比，能更准确地定量描述共焦阵列成像过程，进而将共焦阵列显微技术和光学超分辨技术有机结合，利用三维超分辨评价函数对光瞳滤波器的参数进行优化设计，通过压缩各探测光路的横向和轴向半极值宽（HWHM），以提高其三维扫描探测能力，从而为实现快速、超精密三维测量提供了一种有效的技术途径。     

番荔枝属不同品种叶表面微形态的电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对番荔枝属九个番荔枝品种的叶表面角质、蜡质、表皮毛、气孔等微形态进行了观察比较.结果显示：它们之间的叶表面表皮毛、角质、蜡质和气孔等微形态均有较大的差异.秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、无核番荔枝上下表面均具有单列丝状毛,气孔只分布于下表面;普通番荔枝、圆滑番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝叶表面均无表皮毛;秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、普通番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝上下表皮角质呈不规则的岛状突起,而圆滑番荔枝、无核番荔枝表面角质较平,角质膜形状不甚清晰;以上所述番荔枝叶表面都覆盖有密厚的针晶状蜡被;除圆滑番荔枝的气孔有副卫细胞外,其它气孔只有保卫细胞而无副卫细胞;刺番荔枝、山刺番荔枝、牛心番荔枝的叶表皮毛为短棍棒状,其表皮角质细胞呈乳突状或波状突起;山刺番荔枝的棒状毛顶端钝圆,而刺番荔枝与牛心番荔枝的棒状毛顶端尖锐;刺番荔枝和山刺番荔枝只有下表皮才具有棒状毛,其气孔形状近似圆形,孔口略内陷于表皮层,牛心番荔枝表面角质呈不规则波状突起,气孔细长稍突.由于这些不同的叶表面微形态是长期受各物种原产地的气候、环境条件影响所形成的,因此研究番荔枝品种的叶表面微形态结构,对正确引种和推广番荔枝果树种植有着重要的意义.     

基于焦深扩展的图像融合算法研究及其实现

针对显微图像清晰度小于人眼通过目镜和物镜观察到的图像清晰度的问题,提出了焦深扩展图像这一概念,即在物体聚焦范围内按照某一选定的步距采集多幅图像,使用图像融合技术对图像序列进行计算得到的图像;探讨了两种图像融合算法对显微图像序列进行实时焦深扩展,有效地提高清晰度和增强立体感;通过图像信息量统计方法,并针对这两种算法的特点进行了实验分析.