Beyond Medical Risk: Investigating the Psychological Factors Underlying Women's Perceptions of Susceptibility to Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, and Osteoporosis.

The relationships of epidemiological (objective) risk indices, perceived disease characteristics, and cognitive heuristics to women's perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis in a community sample of 312 women ages 40-86 were examined. Epidemiological indices accounted for a small to moderate proportion of the variance in perceived susceptibility. Psychological factors (perceived similarity to women who contract the target disease and perceived disease prevalence) predicted perceived susceptibility above and beyond medical risk factors. Opposite to actual risk, age correlated negatively with perceived susceptibility to all 3 diseases. Exploratory analyses suggested that perceived similarity, perceived prevalence, and absent/exempt beliefs might mediate this relationship. Confirmatory factor analyses verified that measures of absolute and direct comparative risk assess the same underlying construct of perceived susceptibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

造骨牛奶蛋白(OMP)主要成分功效学研究进展

从造骨牛奶蛋白（OMP）各个主要成分的功效学及其机理的角度,综合分析了国内外的最新研究进展,从而分析了OMP生理活性的理论基础。     

丹参提取物对去卵巢模型大鼠骨质疏松的影响

采用去卵巢大鼠模型,分别用丹参提取物低剂量、中剂量、高剂量和雌激素对模型鼠进行干预,探讨丹参提取物对雌激素缺乏引起的大鼠骨质疏松的影响。将SD 大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、丹参提取物低、中、高剂量组和雌激素组,分别连续给药12 周,测定子宫系数、股骨湿重、干重、灰重,并观察股骨、胫骨形态学的变化情况。结果显示：与假手术组比较,模型组动物体质量显著增加（P＜0.01）,子宫系数、股骨湿重、干重、灰重显著降低（P＜0.05）,股骨、胫骨骨小梁稀疏、断裂、排序紊乱;与模型组比较,丹参提物物各剂量组和雌激素组的体质量均显著降低（P＜0.05）,子宫系数、股骨湿重、干重及灰重均显著增加（P＜0.05）,股骨、胫骨的骨小梁结构得到不同程度的改善。综上,丹参提取物可提高去卵巢大鼠骨质量,改善骨微结构,且对子宫的影响小于雌激素,对去卵巢大鼠所致骨质疏松具有明显的改善作用。     

Structural basis for the exceptional in vivo efficacy of bisphosphonate drugs

To understand the structural basis for bisphosphonate therapy of bone diseases, we solved the crystal structures of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in its unliganded state, in complex with the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP) drugs zoledronate, pamidronate, alendronate, and ibandronate, and in the ternary complex with zoledronate and the substrate isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). By revealing three structural snapshots of the enzyme catalytic cycle, each associated with a distinct conformational state, and details about the interactions with N-BPs, these structures provide a novel understanding of the mechanism of FPPS catalysis and inhibition. In particular, the accumulating substrate, IPP, was found to bind to and stabilize the FPPS-N-BP complexes rather than to compete with and displace the N-BP inhibitor. Stabilization of the FPPS-N-BP complex through IPP binding is supported by differential scanning calorimetry analyses of a set of representative N-BPs. Among other factors such as high binding affinity for bone mineral, this particular mode of FPPS inhibition contributes to the exceptional in vivo efficacy of N-BP drugs. Moreover, our data form the basis for structure-guided design of optimized N-BPs with improved pharmacological properties.     

Predictors of calcium intake patterns: A longitudinal analysis.

Objective: The study was guided by the precaution adoption process model; the author examined factors associated with (a) stage of change with respect to calcium intake at 4 time points and (b) calcium intake patterns across time. Design: Data were collected by mailed questionnaire at baseline and at 3 follow-up assessments over 1 year. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures were calcium intake, stage of change with respect to calcium intake, and pattern of calcium intake across follow-up. Three patterns were identified: successful maintenance (adequate calcium intake at all 3 follow-ups), vacillation (adequate calcium consumption at 1 or 2 follow-ups), and inertia (inadequate calcium consumption at all 3 follow-ups). Results: Five hundred six women completed baseline questionnaires, and 346 completed 3 follow-up assessments. Even after baseline stage of change was controlled for, longitudinal analyses revealed 3 variables that predicted different patterns of behavior across time. Isolated instances of adequate calcium intake were predicted by higher levels of knowledge and perceived benefits, whereas long-term maintenance was predicted by lower levels of perceived difficulty. Conclusion: These findings provide support for a central premise of the model, that different factors are important at different points in the behavior change process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于超声-光声多模态成像仪器的骨结构及成分高分辨率表征方法

早期诊断和治疗骨质疏松症能显著降低骨折风险。 骨组织物理结构和生化成分的影像学检查对骨质疏松症的诊断具有重要意义。 为了克服基于射线的骨骼健康检查技术存在电离辐射,无法表征骨组织生化成分等问题,本文设计了一套超声-光声多模态成像仪器。 该仪器由波长实时可调的激光器、多模时序控制器、超声数据采集与控制器、高速数据交换与传输模块组成,利用时分复用和异步成像策略原位采集超声和光声信号,结合高分辨率成像算法获得骨组织的超声-光声影像。 松质骨仿体和牛松质骨的离体试验以及手指关节在体试验结果表明,所提出的超声-光声多模态成像仪器在骨质疏松症的诊断中具有潜在的应用价值,为全面评价骨骼健康的临床研究奠定了基础。     

基于超声导波反演参数定征皮质骨骨质状况研究

骨质疏松发生时,人体皮质骨层的孔隙度将增大。为研究皮质骨参数（厚度、横波速度、纵波速度）与骨质疏松症的关系,文章利用有限元方法对不同孔隙度（0∶3%∶27%）的单层皮质骨进行仿真,以3个周期的高斯包络正弦波作为激励,将采集到的超声导波信号先后经过二维傅里叶变换和Burg算法处理后得到频散数据,与基于FloquetBloch理论建立的理论频散曲线数据库进行匹配反演,得到皮质骨厚度、横波速度、纵波速度参数。结果显示皮质骨厚度反演准确,皮质骨孔隙度与横波速度和纵波速度呈负相关,横波速度敏感度为19.0%,纵波速度敏感度为5.5%。横波速度敏感度更高,临床诊断潜力更大。并对6组牛胫骨进行了离体实验,结果显示,反演得到的皮质骨厚度与其实际测量值的平均相对误差为4.0%,且实验频散曲线与理论频散曲线相吻合,验证了文中算法在真实皮质骨参数反演上的可行性和准确性。文中的研究在骨质疏松超声检测中具有应用潜力。