草鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽对骨质疏松小鼠骨微结构、血清TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-6和肠道菌群的影响

为了研究草鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽（collagen peptide，CP）防治骨质疏松（osteoporosis，OP）作用与血清炎性细胞因子、肠道菌群的关系，将雌性ICR小鼠分为假手术组、模型组、钙尔奇D组和胶原蛋白组，建立OP模型。分析CP对小鼠股骨的生物力学特性、骨微结构、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-1β与IL-6以及肠道菌群相关指标的影响。结果表明，与模型组相比，草鱼鳞CP可以显著增加OP小鼠股骨的最大弯曲荷载和最大弯曲应力（P＜0.05，P＜0.01），增加骨小梁数量，修复骨微结构，显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α质量浓度（P＜0.05），改变肠道菌群组成结构，降低厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门丰度比值，增加乳酸杆菌和普雷沃菌等益生菌的丰度，抑制螺杆菌属等多种条件致病菌在肠道的定植与繁殖。结论：草鱼鳞CP通过减少小鼠血清炎性细胞因子的分泌，改善肠道菌群结构，辅助治疗OP。     

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex phospholipidic structures actively released by cells. EVs are recognized as powerful means of intercellular communication since they contain many signaling molecules (including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). In parallel, changes in epigenetic processes can lead to changes in gene function and finally lead to disease onset and progression. Recent breakthroughs have revealed the complex roles of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)) in epigenetic regulation. Moreover, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that non-coding RNAs can be shuttled among the cells and tissues via EVs, allowing non-coding RNAs to reach distant cells and exert systemic effects. Resident bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and endothelial cells, are tightly regulated by non-coding RNAs, and many of them can be exported from the cells to neighboring ones through EVs, triggering pathological conditions. For these reasons, researchers have also started to exploit EVs as a theranostic tool to address osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize some recent findings regarding the EVs’ involvement in the fine regulation of non-coding RNAs in the context of bone metabolism and osteoporosis.     

Electrodeless Reverse Electrodialysis Patches as an Ionic Power Source for Active Transdermal Drug Delivery

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the promising sustainable technologies generating electric power from the mixing energy of two different salt solutions. Most of the reports on the RED systems are focused on scale‐up development and the improvement of maximum power density. However, regarding biocompatible and eco‐friendly natures, the RED system also has a great potential use where low electrical power is necessary, in particular for skin‐wearable biomedical devices. In this work, electronics‐free RED patches are devised as an ionic power source for active transdermal drug delivery. The electrodeless RED patches generate reliable voltages, which are proportional to the number of ion‐exchange membranes and salinity ratios, and successfully facilitate in vitro delivery of ionic drugs through mouse skin without involving any electronic component for the first time; 9, 20, and 36‐fold increases with lidocaine, ketorolac, and risedronate, respectively. Indeed, by using an osteoporosis‐induced mouse model, the RED patch delivery demonstrates powerful in vivo therapeutic effects against the diffusion‐based topical administration. The new ionic power source can allow transport of various types of drugs in the transdermal route and, more importantly, can be used for the operation of other portable biomedical devices.     

An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Chronic Liver Disease: Osteoporosis,Sarcopenia, and Osteoporotic Sarcopenia

The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly higher in patients with liver disease than in those without liver disease and osteoporosis and sarcopenia negatively influence morbidity and mortality in liver disease, yet these musculoskeletal disorders are frequently overlooked in clinical practice for patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders accompanying the pathogenesis of liver disease. The increased bone resorption through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased bone formation through increased bilirubin and sclerostin and lower insulin-like growth factor-1 are important mechanisms for osteoporosis in patients with liver disease. Sarcopenia is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas hyperammonemia, low amount of branched chain amino acids, and hypogonadism contributes to sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis. The bidirectional crosstalk between muscle and bone through myostatin, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), osteocalcin, as well as the activation of the RANK and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with osteosarcopenia. The increased understandings for these musculoskeletal disorders would be contributes to the development of effective therapies targeting the pathophysiological mechanism involved.     

Potential Effects of Phytoestrogen Genistein in Modulating Acute Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Damage in Rats

Chemotherapy-induced bone damage is a frequent side effect which causes diminished bone mineral density and fracture in childhood cancer sufferers and survivors. The intensified use of anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) and other cytotoxic drugs has led to the need for a mechanistic understanding of chemotherapy-induced bone loss and for the development of protective treatments. Using a young rat MTX-induced bone loss model, we investigated potential bone protective effects of phytoestrogen genistein. Oral gavages of genistein (20 mg/kg) were administered daily, for seven days before, five days during, and three days after five once-daily injections (sc) of MTX (0.75 mg/kg). MTX treatment reduced body weight gain and tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume (p < 0.001), increased osteoclast density on the trabecular bone surface (p < 0.05), and increased the bone marrow adipocyte number in lower metaphyseal bone (p < 0.001). Genistein supplementation preserved body weight gain (p < 0.05) and inhibited ex vivo osteoclast formation of bone marrow cells from MTX-treated rats (p < 0.001). However, MTX-induced changes in bone volume, trabecular architecture, metaphyseal mRNA expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and marrow adiposity were not significantly affected by the co-administration of genistein. This study suggests that genistein may suppress MTX-induced osteoclastogenesis; however, further studies are required to examine its potential in protecting against MTX chemotherapy-induced bone damage.     

基于SVM的骨质疏松识别算法

文中讨论了基于模式分类的算法,通过常规的体检参数对骨质疏松情况进行预测和识别.由于常规体检参数和骨质疏松诊断结果之间的线性相关度小、参数方差大等问题,基于线性分类边界模型得到的分类器误差大,文中利用数据和骨质疏松之间的非线性关联特性,使用高斯核函数将原始训练数据映射到核空间进行分类,较好地实现了用体检参数预测骨质疏松.此外文中给出了利用多个分类器的分类结果进行组合方法,使得不同分类器分类结果相互矛盾时能够输出唯一的诊断结论.     

Trabecular bone microarchitecture is related to the number of risk factors and etiology in osteoporotic men

Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is a very important component of bone quality in osteoporosis and a determinant of vertebral fracture in men with low bone mineral density (BMD). In contrast to women, male osteoporosis is, in most cases, secondary. The relationships between microarchitecture and different risk factors have never been evaluated in men. About 152 men with low BMD at the lumbar spine or hip (BMD, T-score < -2.5) were included in this study. Risk factors were: age, BMI, alcohol intake, corticosteroid therapy, hypogonadism, and chronic diseases. Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained and histomorphometry was done on an image analyzer; the following parameters were measured: cortical thickness (Ct.Th), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp) and number (Tb.N), interconnectivity Index (ICI), star volume of the bone marrow, and strut analysis with node and free-end count. The 50 men with two risk factors had a lower BMD, lower Ct.Th and a significant higher star volume than those with one factor or idiopathic osteoporosis. The 26 men with at least three risk factors, had a lower BMD, a reduction of BV/TV and Ct.Th and a marked disorganization of the trabecular network (increased Tb.Sp, ICI, star volume, and free-end to free-end struts). The prevalence of vertebral fractures was higher in these patients. When the main risk factor was considered, a marked decrease in trabecular bone connectivity was observed in hypogonadic men. In osteoporotic men, higher the number of risk factors, lower the connectivity of trabecular network and higher the vertebral fracture risk.     

Web Services在e-BEMFs骨质疏松治疗系统中的应用研究

Web Services是一种面向服务的体系结构，其突出优点是实现了真正意义上的平台独立性和语言独立性。e-BEMFs骨质疏松治疗系统是我们独立研制的第四代生物电磁场医疗器械。本文在分析了Web Services的体系结构和关键技术，介绍了e-BEMFs骨质疏松治疗系统之后，对Web Services在e-BEMFs骨质疏松治疗系统中的实现框架进行了研究。该框架可以方便地分模块分阶段而且相互独立地完成e-BEMFs骨质疏松治疗系统的开发。