ER-β 在老年小鼠骨质疏松性骨折中的作用

目的：探讨雌激素受体β（ER-β）在老年骨质疏松小鼠股骨骨折修复中的影响。方法采用高选择性 ER-β受体拮抗剂（PHTPP）阻断 ER-β受体的老年骨质疏松小鼠股骨骨折模型作为实验组,未使用拮抗剂的老年骨质疏松小鼠股骨骨折模型作为对照组,在不同时间点采用放射学分析（术后0、1、2、3、4、5和6周）、骨痂血管新生的微焦点CT分析（术后1、2周）及骨痂生物力学测试（术后4、6周）观察2组骨折愈合情况。结果在不同时间点,实验组与对照组相比,ER-β阻断组的血管生成,成骨和机械性能方面都明显占优势,2组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论阻断 ER-β受体能明显提高早期血管形成、中期的软骨内骨化和晚期的机械力学性能等骨折修复能力。     

高龄老人股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨高龄患者股骨颈骨质疏松性骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2000年4月～2007年9月收治的45例高龄股骨颈骨质疏松性骨折的临床资料。结果均顺利完成手术,术后发生并发症5例,随访32例。结论对于高龄股骨颈骨质疏松性骨折应早期固定,进行功能锻炼,恢复髋关节活动。     

Invited review: Dairy intake and bone health: a viewpoint from the state of the art

The aim of this review was to focus on the complex relationships between milk and dairy products intake and bone health, with particular emphasis on osteoporosis. The literature was extensively examined to provide an objective overview of the most significant achievements on the subject. Osteoporosis can be defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. Although the major determinants of peak bone mass and strength are genetic, major factors during childhood and adolescence may affect the ability to achieve peak bone mass. These include nutrition, particularly calcium and protein intake, physical activity, endocrine status, as well as exposure to a wide variety of risk factors. The role of calcium intake in determining bone mineral mass is well recognized to be the most critical nutritional factor to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The greatest amount of dietary calcium is obtained from milk and dairy foods, which also provide the human diet with vitamin D (particularly for products fortified with vitamin D), potassium, and other macro- and micronutrients. Although studies supporting the beneficial effects of milk or calcium on bone health are predominant in the literature, perplexity or discordance on this subject was expressed by some authors. Discordant data, mainly on the risk of fractures, provided limited proof of the unfavorable effect of dairy intake. More often, discordant works indicate no effect of dairy consumption on bone safety. Some considerations can be drawn from this viewpoint. Milk and dairy products are an optimal source of calcium as well as of other limiting nutrients (e.g., potassium and magnesium), with important effects on bone health. Bioactive components occurring in milk and dairy products may play an essential role on bone metabolism, as shown by in vivo and in vitro studies on colostrum acidic proteins and milk basic proteins. Calcium intake positively affects bone mass and is crucial in childhood and youth for correct bone development. In elderly people, calcium intake as well as vitamin D availability should be carefully checked. As a general conclusion, calcium is essential for bone health, although it will not prevent bone loss due to other factors; in this context, milk and dairy foods are bioavailable, relatively inexpensive sources of calcium for the human diet.     

娃哈哈思慕饮料增加骨密度作用实验研究

娃哈哈思慕饮料是一种针对骨质疏松症的保健饮品,含有大豆蛋白、大豆异黄酮、VD以及钙等多种活性物质和营养素。经动物实验表明:能显著增加大鼠股骨重量、长度及股骨骨质密度,具有预防骨质疏松的作用。     

薏苡仁的营养组成与现代药理研究进展

薏苡仁具有健脾补肺利湿、清热、排脓、除痹止泻的功效;其主要营养成分为脂肪酸及酯类、多糖类、黄酮类、糖蛋白等;现代药理研究结果表明薏苡仁具有抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫力、降血糖、抗炎镇痛、调节血脂代谢等多重药理作用。通过查阅近几年相关文献,综述了薏苡仁营养成分脂肪酸及酯类、多糖类、黄酮类、薏苡仁油等的提取工艺,及抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫力、降血糖及调节血脂代谢等现代药理作用,梳理了薏苡仁降糖、抗炎镇痛、抑制骨质疏松等相关功能食品的开发方向,以期为薏苡仁的进一步开发应用提供参考。     

Protective Effect of Ciclopirox against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Suppressing Osteoclast Formation and Function

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely associated with excessive osteoclast formation and function, resulting in the loss of bone mass. Osteoclast-targeting agents have been developed to manage this disease. We examined the effects of ciclopirox on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Ciclopirox significantly inhibited osteoclast formation from primary murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and the expression of genes associated with osteoclastogenesis and function was decreased. The formation of actin rings and resorption pits was suppressed by ciclopirox. Analysis of RANKL-mediated early signaling events in BMMs revealed that ciclopirox attenuates IκBα phosphorylation without affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, the administration of ciclopirox suppressed osteoclast formation and bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice and reduced serum levels of osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus. These results indicate that ciclopirox exhibits antiosteoclastogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo and represents a new candidate compound for protection against osteoporosis and other osteoclast-related bone diseases.     

乳制品对骨质疏松症的预防和干预作用研究进展

骨质疏松症困扰着全球2亿患者,随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,骨质疏松发病率将不断增加,预防骨质疏松成为公共卫生领域亟待解决的问题。本文分析了乳制品基质、矿物质、维生素、乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖调节肠道菌群对钙吸收和骨骼健康的作用机制,综述了强化添加VD、益生元和益生菌的乳制品对不同人群的干预效果及降低骨质疏松风险的研究进展,比较了乳制品与植物基替代品的干预功效,为乳制品精准干预改善骨骼健康提供科学参考。     

A Neuroprotective Bovine Colostrum Attenuates Apoptosis in Dexamethasone-Treated MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is one of the most common secondary forms of osteoporosis. GIO is partially due to the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes. In addition, high doses of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, induces neurodegeneration by initiating inflammatory processes leading to neural apoptosis. Here, a neuroprotective bovine colostrum against glucocorticoid-induced neuronal damage was investigated for its anti-apoptotic activity in glucocorticoid-treated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. A model of apoptotic osteoblastic cells was developed by exposing MC3T3-E1 cells to DEX (0–700 μM). Colostrum co-treated with DEX was executed at 0.1–5.0 mg/mL. Cell viability was measured for all treatment schedules. Caspase-3 activation was assessed to determine both osteoblast apoptosis under DEX exposure and its potential prevention by colostrum co-treatment. Glutathione reduced (GSH) was measured to determine whether DEX-mediated oxidative stress-driven apoptosis is alleviated by colostrum co-treatment. Western blot was performed to determine the levels of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-XL, Bax, and Hsp70 proteins upon DEX or DEX plus colostrum exposure. Colostrum prevented the decrease in cell viability and the increase in caspase-3 activation and oxidative stress caused by DEX exposure. Cells, upon colostrum co-treated with DEX, exhibited higher levels of p-ERK1/2 and lower levels of Bcl-XL, Bax, and Hsp70. Our data support the notion that colostrum may be able to reduce DEX-induced apoptosis possibly via the activation of the ERK pathway and modulation of the Hsp70 system. We provided preliminary evidence on how bovine colostrum, as a complex and multi-component dairy product, in addition to its neuroprotective action, may affect osteoblastic cell survival undergoing apoptosis.     

灰树花多肽-钙螯合物对小鼠衰老性骨质疏松的改善作用

通过建立D-半乳糖致衰老性骨质疏松(SOP)小鼠模型,探讨灰树花多肽-钙螯合物(GPs-Ca)对SOP的改善作用;通过体外Caco-2单细胞层模型模拟研究灰树花多肽-钙螯合物的促钙吸收能力.将50只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为5组,除了空白对照组外,其它4组均给予腹腔注射D-半乳糖;空白对照组给予腹腔注射同等剂量的生理盐水....     

Surface Decoration of Peptide Nanoparticles Enables Efficient Therapy toward Osteoporosis and Diabetes

A versatile surface decoration strategy to efficiently encapsulate water-soluble peptides is developed. By assembling peptide molecules into nanoparticles, diverse physiochemical properties of these compacted molecules are equalized to the surface properties of nanoparticles. Primarily driven by the generic electrostatic attractions, the surface of as-prepared peptide nanoparticles is decorated with charged amino acids-grafted poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). This adsorbed polymer layer versatilely blocks the phase transfer of peptide nanoparticles by increasing their affinity to the dispersed phase solvent molecules. Attributed to the ultrahigh encapsulation efficiencies (> 96%), the peptide mass fraction inside the obtained microcomposites is higher than 48%. The plasma calcium level has been efficiently reduced for ≈3 weeks with only one single injection of salmon calcitonin-encapsulated microcomposite in osteoporotic rats. Similarly, one single injection of exenatide-encapsulated microcomposites efficiently controls the glycemic level in type 2 diabetic rats for up to 3 weeks. Overall, the developed versatile surface decoration strategy efficiently encapsulates peptides and improves their pharmacokinetic features, regardless of the molecular structure of peptide cargos.