三元复合驱波及系数和驱油效率的实验研究

为了搞清三元复合体系提高采收率的机理,通过室内三维物理模拟驱油实验研究了非均质砂岩油田三元复合驱油过程中波及系数与驱油效率的变化特征,量化三元复合驱不同类型储层驱油效率和波及系数对提高采收率的贡献程度.结果表明,在有隔层的条件下,中渗透层贡献程度达到了25.29%,其次是低渗透层,贡献率为44.31%,而高渗透层仅为30.40%;分析认为,三元复合驱的主要作用在于提高驱油效率,而且主要是提高高渗透层的驱油效率,同时能够提高中低渗透层的波及系数.初步得出驱油效率对提高采收率值的贡献率为33.27%,波及系数的贡献率为66.73%.     

Characterizing the deformation behavior of Tertiary sandstones

Tertiary sandstones possess deformational behavior different from hard rocks, especially the relatively larger amount of volumetric dilation during shearing. Such excess dilation contributes to the increase of crown settlement during tunnel excavation and accounts for several cases of tunnel squeezing within Tertiary sandstones. Therefore, the deformation behavior of Tertiary sandstones sampled from more than 13 formations was studied. To distinguish the volumetric deformation induced by hydrostatic stress or by shear stress as well as to decompose the elastic and the plastic components of strains, special experimental techniques, including pure shear tests and cycles of loading–unloading were applied.The experimental results reveal that the deformation of Tertiary sandstone exhibits the following characteristics: (1) significant amount of shear dilation, especially elastic shear dilation; (2) non-linear elastic and plastic deformation; (3) plastic deformation occurs prior to the failure state. Furthermore, features of plastic deformation were inferred from experimental results and, as a result, the geometry of plastic potential surface and the hardening rule were accordingly determined. A constitutive model, involving nonlinear elastic/plastic deformation and volumetric deformation induced by shear stress, is proposed. This proposed model simulates the deformational behavior for the shear-dilation-typed rocks reasonably well. Furthermore, tests on the versatility of the proposed model, including varying hydrostatic stress and stress paths, indicate that the proposed model is capable of predicting deformational behavior for various conditions.     

下扬子北缘前陆盆地构造变形样式

下扬子北缘前陆盆地经历了印支、燕山、喜山等多期构造改造,构造环境经开裂扩张—碰撞拼合—拉伸断陷等多次转换,最终形成了上部拉伸、中部逆冲推覆、下部拆离滑脱的"三层楼阁"式分层构造变形组合的构造几何学模式.其构造变形主要受中三叠世扬子地块与华北地块的陆—陆碰撞造山作用控制,具有横向上强弱分带、垂向上形变分层的特征.可划分为伸展变形、冲断褶皱变形、拆离滑脱变形等3种构造变形样式.      

升平气田产能预测方法

依据升平气田的试井资料，建立了气井产能与压差之间的二次项产能方程。运用此方程可以预测升平气田的单井产能，并且建立了压差平方与kh值相关的气田综合产能方程。当求得气田的平均kh值后，利用该方法可以求得气田的平均产能或生产压差。     

立足于实际的数字系统级诊断

本文主要提出了一个立足于当前实际的系统级诊断模型。在这模型下，系统级诊断变得很容易。模型基于下列假定：将系统划分成既具有自测试又具有测试其它单位能力的一种单位；其测试能力和测试结果用模糊数学来描述；自测试时在各种情况下均能给出正确的结果；测试其它单位时，除测试者本身具有严重故障外，也均能给出正确结果。     

金属矿山深热矿井空气温度的灰色预测

金属矿山深热矿井气温的预测计算是一个难题，本文探讨了应用灰色系统预测理论来解决这一难题的新途径，并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

复杂山区静校正方法研究及效果

对于山区地震勘探，开展静校正研究是资料处理的主要问题之一。静校正精度与剖面质量密切相关，准确的静校正取决于合理的方法和正确的应用。本文在分析了复杂山区特点以及静校正难点的基础上，指出要解决好山区静校正，仅限于普通的方法是远远不够的，必须从四个关键点人手，即风化层延迟时的求取、基准面的确定、校正速度的研究以及表层模型的建立等。本文对上述问题的研究做了介绍，展示了合成延迟时法十等效速度模型反演十变速浮动基准面（地震参考面）静校正等综合技术在太行山区（山西沁源、大寨）、伊J；1丘陵山区等复杂地表区应用的例子。显著的处理效果表明，严重的山区静校正问题得到了较好的解决，满足了地下构造的叠加成像，提高了勘探精度及其整体效果。     

A Study on the Model of Forecasting System about the Actual Telephone Occupation in the Lead Development

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Nonlinear black-box modeling in system identification: a unified overview

A nonlinear black-box structure for a dynamical system is a model structure that is prepared to describe virtually any nonlinear dynamics. There has been considerable recent interest in this area, with structures based on neural networks, radial basis networks, wavelet networks and hinging hyperplanes, as well as wavelet-transform-based methods and models based on fuzzy sets and fuzzy rules. This paper describes all these approaches in a common framework, from a user's perspective. It focuses on what are the common features in the different approaches, the choices that have to be made and what considerations are relevant for a successful system-identification application of these techniques. It is pointed out that the nonlinear structures can be seen as a concatenation of a mapping form observed data to a regression vector and a nonlinear mapping from the regressor space to the output space. These mappings are discussed separately. The latter mapping is usually formed as a basis function expansion. The basis functions are typically formed from one simple scalar function, which is modified in terms of scale and location. The expansion from the scalar argument to the regressor space is achieved by a radial- or a ridge-type approach. Basic techniques for estimating the parameters in the structures are criterion minimization, as well as two-step procedures, where first the relevant basis functions are determined, using data, and then a linear least-squares step to determine the coordinates of the function approximation. A particular problem is to deal with the large number of potentially necessary parameters. This is handled by making the number of ‘used’ parameters considerably less than the number of ‘offered’ parameters, by regularization, shrinking, pruning or regressor selection.     

小角度控制网的平差方法探讨

本文从改变常规平差元素——角度的观点,阐述了小角度网的平差方法.