食品级、医药级磷酸三钙生产工艺

采用改进的固相反应法，以碳酸钙和工业磷酸为原料，制备食品级、医药级磷酸三钙(TCP)产品，研究了CaO与P2O5物质量的比、助剂加入量、反应温度对产物化学组成结构的影响；用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了产品的物相结构。提出了该工艺的反应机理，并确定了在技术上、经济上可行的工艺路线。分析结果表明，可以得到高品质磷酸三钙，产品质量指标符合FCC、USP和EP标准。     

芘四硫酸四钠盐／甲基紫精复合物光物理性质的研究

本文通过吸收光谱滴定和时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱对芘四硫酸四钠盐（ｐｙｒｅｎｅｔｅｔｒａｓｕｌｆｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄｔｅｔｒａｓｏｄｉｕｍｓａｌｔ，ＰｙＴＳ）／甲基紫精（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｖｉｏｌｏｇｅｎ，ＭＶ２＋）复合物在水溶液中的光物理性质进行研究．用甲基紫精滴定芘四硫酸四钠盐时，得到该复合物的组成成份是１∶１，反之，用芘四硫酸四钠盐滴定甲基紫精时，同样得到１∶１组成成份的复合物．该复合物的形成常数是２．４×１０６ｍｏｌ－１·Ｌ，当用光激发该复合物时，发现其中存在芘四硫酸四钠盐到甲基紫精的电子转移过程，并得到该过程的动力学模型．     

高氯酸铵生产中杂质氯酸盐处理工艺探讨

在高氯酸铵(AP)生产中,原料高氯酸钠中所含的氯酸盐杂质量过大,会影响AP的热稳定性。进行了4种氯酸盐杂质去除实验,其中盐酸与过氧化氢工艺路线较理想:90℃反应1.0~1.5h,停止加热后再反应0.25~0.5 h,V(高氯酸钠):V(盐酸):V(过氧化氢)=400:4:1。最终能将高氯酸钠溶液中杂质氯酸钠质量含量降到较低程度,产品AP中氯酸钠质量分数≤0.014%,符合国军标。     

芴甲氧羰基酪氨酸苄醚的合成研究

研究了硫酸铜存在下溴苄与酪氨酸反应生成酪氨酸苄醚,收率45%。反应中,铜盐先与酪氨酸的羧基作用,生成4∶1的酪氨酸铜配合物,从而有效地保护了酪氨酸的羧基,使苄基化反应选择性地发生在侧链酚基氧原子上。酪氨酸苄醚与芴甲氧羰酰氯在THF中反应得标题化合物,收率98%。     

热管省煤器在120 kt/a硫磺制酸系统中的应用

介绍120kt／a硫磺制酸装置转化工段两台热管省煤器的结构特点和应用情况。转化器第三段出口冷换热器后的省煤器为水箱式热管省煤器，锅炉给水在水箱内与热管内工质换热；五段出口省煤器为夹套式热管省煤器，锅炉给水在套管与热管的间隙内被工质加热：两台热管省煤器的蒸发段与放热段之间均由管板隔离，以防止烟气对水侧管壁面的腐蚀，热管省煤器具有运行费用低、操作安全稳定等优点。通过严格控制锅炉给水质量和正确的开停车操作，近两年来热管省煤器运行良好，未发生泄漏故障：     

Exploration of mesoporous structure of tunisian raw and acid-leached phosphate ore particles

Rock phosphate fractions were examined for their porous structure by nitrogen adsorption. The pore size distribution and the shape of pores does not seem to depend on the particle size. The specific surface area values present two regions, one above and one below that of the particles with 125 μrn diameter. Particles of a given size were leached with dilute phosphoric acid (1.5 mass% P₂O₅) at 25°C. It was observed that there is a widening of the initial pores during leaching. The particles collected at the initial period of the reaction are pitted and those collected at the final period are disintegrated.     

Retardation of volatile aldehyde formation in the exhaust of frying oil by heating under low oxygen atmospheres

Volatile aldehydes were generated in the exhaust of high-oleic safflower oil during heating at 180°C by spraying water into atmospheres with four levels of oxygen concentrations (2, 4, 10, and 20%). These aldehydes were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC after the conversion to 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones. Ten alkanals (C₂ through C₁₀), eight 2-alkenals (C₃ through C₁₀) and three 2,4-alkadienals (C₇, C₉, and C₁₀) were found. These aldehyde levels were found to be positively correlated with both the heating time and the atmospheric oxygen concentration. The total amounts of aldehydes were the lowest in the oil heated in an atmosphere with 2% O₂, and corresponded to 1/10 of those in the atmosphere with 20% O₂. Acrolein was not found in oils heated in the atmosphere with 2% oxygen. These results suggest that frying in atmospheres with low oxygen levels can effectively decrease the generation of volatile aldehydes in the exhaust.     

Diterpene resin acids: Major active principles in tall oil against Variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Tall oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hübner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude tall oil and depitched tall oil. When crude tall oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched tall oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched tall oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of tall oil.     

促进我国硫铁矿制酸的发展

我国硫磺制酸原料主要依赖进口,大量进口硫磺已经影响到世界硫磺的供需关系,硫磺价格居高不下.硫铁矿是我国自有资源,可保证长期、稳定的供应,对我国硫酸工业的稳定和安全具有重要作用,我国发展硫铁矿制酸有其必要性.硫铁矿制酸实现大型化;采用高品位硫铁矿制酸,有效利用铁资源和热能;实现清洁生产,减少废水排放、尾气二氧化硫排放及综合利用废热,是发展方向.抓住硫酸需求增加的机遇,采用先进技术发展硫铁矿制酸,硫铁矿制酸一定会有良好的发展前景.     

固体酸催化环氧丙烷醇解反应活性研究

讨论了工业化生产中使用杂多兰催化剂的方法和产率,以及氢型离子交换树脂,固体超强酸也可作为此反应催化剂的效果,并与直接溶解在反应液中杂多兰催化活性进行了比较,得出相关结论.