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21.
Nur Lina Rashidah Mohd Rashid Abdullah Abdul Samat Abdul Azim Jais Mahendra Rao Somalu Andanastuti Muchtar Nurul Akidah Baharuddin Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak 《Ceramics International》2019,45(6):6605-6615
The performance of low-to-intermediate temperature (400–800?°C) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) depends on the properties of electrolyte used. SOFC performance can be enhanced by replacing electrolyte materials from conventional oxide ion (O2-) conductors with proton (H+) conductors because H+ conductors have higher ionic conductivity and theoretical electrical efficiency than O2- conductors within the target temperature range. Electrolytes based on cerate and/or zirconate have been proposed as potential H+ conductors. Cerate-based electrolytes have the highest H+ conductivity, but they are chemically and thermally unstable during redox cycles, whereas zirconate-based electrolytes exhibit the opposite properties. Thus, tailoring the properties of cerate and/or zirconate electrolytes by doping with rare-earth metals has become a main concern for many researchers to further improve the ionic conductivity and stability of electrolytes. This article provides an overview on the properties of four types of cerate and/or zirconate electrolytes including cerate-based, zirconate-based, single-doped cerate–zirconate and hybrid-doped cerate–zirconate. The properties of the proton electrolytes such as ionic conductivity, chemical stability and sinterability are also systematically discussed. This review further provides a summary of the performance of SOFCs operated with cerate and/or zirconate proton conductors and the actual potential of these materials as alternative electrolytes for proton-conducting SOFC application. 相似文献
22.
Lei He Yan Xuan Feng Zhang Xue Wang Huaqing Pan Junfeng Ren Meina Chen 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(1):1096-1105
Bulk and surface properties of proton stability and transportation in Y and Nd co-doped BaCeO3 (BCYN), especially the effect of Nd segregation, were investigated by first-principles calculations. Since the structure of doped BaCeO3 at the operating temperature of proton-conducting has been unclear for a long time, we have summarized the latest experimental results and calculated the structure of the asymmetric BCYN for the first time. The results show that compared with Y, Nd doping promotes oxygen vacancy formation, however reduces proton stability. Our calculation can also provide a possible explanation for the formation of space charge layer at the grain boundary of doped BaCeO3 in experiment. Unlike the stable Y in BCYN, Nd is calculated to be easily segregated, which can facilitate both proton hydration and proton transportation near the surface. Moreover, Nd segregation at the grain boundary is predicted to be beneficial for proton transportation between grains. 相似文献
23.
Yafei Liu Zhilong Fu Xingyu Chen Yaxin Wei Bo Zhang Aimin Chang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(5):2134-2142
Rare-earth ions doped Ca0.9R0.1CeNbMoO8 (R = Y, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics have been successfully prepared by solid-state method, and their modifications to the microstructure and electrical properties are also investigated. The rare-earth ions doped ceramics exhibit the scheelite structure. With the increase in the radius of rare-earth ions, the lattice distortion and bond interaction will be enhanced, and the consistency of grain size will be reduced. The ceramics exhibit negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor characteristics in the temperature range of 473 K-1273 K, and the activation energy decreases with the increase of the radius of rare-earth ions. Rare-earth ions doping can increase the content of Ce3+ ions and promote the conductivity of ceramics. Except for Sm3+-doped ceramics, the high-temperature aging rate of other ceramics is less than 2%. The existence of some metastable Sm2+ ions in Sm3+-doped ceramics not only increases the activation energy, but also reduces the high-temperature stability of the ceramics. 相似文献
24.
对射频电缆幅相稳定性进行了介绍,阐述了射频测试电缆相位和幅度变化的因素,并详细分析了射频电缆相位性能以及幅度性能的不同测试方法,最后通过实测数据的展示,总结说明了在日常测试中该如何正确使用测试电缆。 相似文献
25.
现有毒品滥用流行病模型假设吸毒者康复后对毒品拥有永久"免疫"力,而忽视了其再次成为毒品易感者的可能性。针对这一问题,通过考虑社区治疗和隔离治疗两种措施,分析了毒品滥用人群的演化过程,提出了基于暂时"免疫"力的毒品滥用流行病模型,并计算了模型的基本再生数,讨论了模型平衡点的存在性和稳定性。当基本再生数小于1时,模型存在一个局部渐进稳定的无毒平衡点;当基本再生数大于1时,模型存在唯一的地方病平衡点,并利用几何方法证明了地方病平衡点的全局稳定性;当基本再生数等于1时,如果满足一定条件,模型出现后向分支现象。数值模拟验证了上述所有结果。研究结果表明提高隔离治疗率、改善社区治疗效果和降低接触传染率可以有效抑制毒品滥用的流行。 相似文献
26.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(66):33186-33196
Additive doping is one of the effective methods to overcome the shortcomings of MgH2 on the aspect of relatively high operating temperatures and slow desorption kinetics. In this paper, hollow g-C3N4 (TCN) tubes with a diameter of 2 μm are synthesized through the hydrothermal and high-temperature pyrolysis methods, and then nickel is chemically reduced onto TCN to form Ni/TCN composite at 278 K. Ni/TCN is then introduced into the MgH2/Mg system by means of hydriding combustion and ball milling. The MgH2–Ni/TCN composite starts to release hydrogen at 535 K, which is 116 K lower than the as-milled MgH2 (651 K). The MgH2–Ni/TCN composite absorbs 5.24 wt% H2 within 3500 s at 423 K, and takes up 3.56 wt% H2 within 3500 s, even at a temperature as low as 373 K. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the MgH2 decreases from 161.1 to 82.6 kJ/mol by the addition of Ni/TCN. Moreover, the MgH2–Ni/TCN sample shows excellent cycle stability, with a dehydrogenation capacity retention rate of 98.0% after 10 cycles. The carbon material enhances sorption kinetics by dispersing and stabilizating MgH2. Otherwise, the phase transformation between Mg2NiH4 and Mg2NiH0.3 accelerates the re/dehydrogenation reaction of the composite. 相似文献
27.
Juhee Lee Sarah A. Willett Casimir C. Akoh Silvana Martini 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2022,99(2):141-151
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) on physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability of structured lipids (SLs). Caprylic acid (C) and stearic acid (S) were incorporated into menhaden oil using Lipozyme® 435 lipase to obtain five samples: (1) LC 20 (menhaden oil with 20% of C), (2) LC 30 (menhaden oil with 30% C), (3) LS 20 (menhaden oil with 20% S), (4) LS 30 (menhaden oil with 30% S), and (5) Blend C (menhaden oil with 16.24% C and 13.04% S). Samples were crystallized for 90 min at the following temperatures: (1) LC 20 at 15.5°C, (2) LC 30 at 17.5°C, (3) LS 20 at 24°C, (4) LS 30 at 30°C, and (5) Blend C at 18.0°C, and HIU was applied at the onset of crystallization. Physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability were evaluated in sonicated and nonsonicated samples. All SLs had statistically higher G′ after sonication. Sonicated LS 30, LC 30, and Blend C had a higher melting enthalpy than the nonsonicated ones, while enthalpy values in sonicated LS 20 and LC 20 samples were not statistically different than the nonsonicated ones. No significant difference between sonicated and nonsonicated samples was observed in peroxide values (1.2 ± 0.1 meq/kg, p > 0.05) and in the oxidative stability index (6.3 ± 0.2 h, p > 0.05). These results showed that HIU was effective at changing physical properties without affecting the oxidation of the samples. 相似文献
28.
Anis Zeglaoui Anouar Houmia Maher Mejai Radhouane Aloui 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2021,35(9):1842-1859
In compressive sampling theory, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is a representative problem. Nevertheless, the non-differentiable constraint impedes the use of Lagrange programming neural networks (LPNNs). We present in this article the -LPNN model, a novel algorithm that tackles the LASSO minimization together with the underlying theory support. First, we design a sequence of smooth constrained optimization problems, by introducing a convenient differentiable approximation to the non-differentiable -norm constraint. Next, we prove that the optimal solutions of the regularized intermediate problems converge to the optimal sparse signal for the LASSO. Then, for every regularized problem from the sequence, the -LPNN dynamic model is derived, and the asymptotic stability of its equilibrium state is established as well. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed -LPNN algorithm with both the LASSO-LPNN model and a standard digital method. 相似文献
29.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(23):33057-33063
In this study, a chelating agent is introduced to prepare CeO2–ZrO2 nano-composite through a precipitation process. The physicochemical properties of the oxide precursors, nano composite materials are strongly dependent on the preparation method and whether a chelating agent is used. Adding an appropriate quantity of chelating agent SO42− can facilitate thermal stability and phase structure uniformity of CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides. The calculation results showed that the Gibbs free energy of chelating complex of [ZrSO4]2+ (ΔG = −127.2469 kJ/mol) is higher than the [Ce(III)SO4]+ (ΔG = -29.8279 kJ/mol). The precipitation chemical potential of Zr4+ moves close to the precipitation chemical potential of Ce3+. The novel and low-cost chelating precipitation method can modify the homogeneity of the compounds at the atomic scale, which can offer a powerful opportunity for, and provide direction in, the design of materials with exceptional properties. 相似文献
30.
由于铸造厂制芯机器人的工作环境恶劣,机器人抓取砂芯的稳定性较差,时常出现掉砂芯、夹伤砂芯的问题。针对上述问题建立以夹持器、气压、机械振动的系统数学模型,采用高阶系统极点在[s]平面的分布法来判定该系统的稳定性。在确保高阶系统极点值不变的情况下,通过改变系统的零点值来观察零点值对系统稳定性、振荡衰减时间的影响。用Matlab的pzmap和impulse函数分别对系统的零点、极点分布和零点值的不同对系统响应进行仿真,运用仿真结果与现场试验进行优化参数,结果表明采用一种刚度与柔度各为1/2的夹持器对制芯机器人的稳定性具有较好优化效果。 相似文献