Quenching stress in plasma sprayed coatings and its correlation with the deposit microstructure

Quenching stress arises within a thermally sprayed splat as its thermal contraction after solidification is constrained by the underlying solid. Dependence of the quenching stress in plasma-sprayed deposits of Ni-20Cr alloy and alumina on the substrate temperature during spraying was discussed in conjunction with the change in the nature of the interlamellar contact between splats. It was found by mercury intrusion porosimetry and observation of cross sections of impregnated deposits that the interlamellar contact is improved significantly by raising the substrate temperature during deposition from 200 to 600 °C. The positive dependence of the quenching stress on the substrate temperature in this temperature range was attributed to a stronger constraint against thermal contraction of sprayed splats after solidification due to the improved contact.     

薄膜厚度对HfO2薄膜残余应力的影响

HfO2薄膜是用电子束蒸发方法制备的，利用ZYGO干涉仪测量了基片镀膜前后曲率半径的变化，计算了薄膜应力。对样品进行了XRD测试，讨论了膜厚对薄膜残余应力的影响。结果发现不同厚度HfO2薄膜的残余应力均为张应力，应力值随薄膜厚度的增加而减小，当薄膜厚度达到一定值后，应力值趋于稳定。从微观结构变化对实验结果进行了分析，发现微结构演变引起的本征应力变化是引起薄膜残余应力改变的主要因素。     

使用环形筋拉深时各阶段径向应力分析

以半圆筋为例,分析得到了使用拉深筋拉深曲面零件时,拉深各阶段凹模入口的径向应力公式,并且对拉深各位置段的平均应力强度进行了求解,为开发曲面零件拉深应用软件奠定了理论基础。     

标准冲击试样缺口应力场有限元分析

通过大型有限元分析软件ANSYS来研究标准类型缺口冲击试样三维应力场，分析了夏氏V型、梅氏U型、夏氏U型和夏氏钥匙型缺口冲击试样横、纵向中面应力状态及应力集中系数，给出了冲击过程的动态显示。结果表明：标准缺口试样存在着相似的应力状态，横向中面等效应力受应力集中影响，先减小后增大；纵向中面等效应力近乎不变，最大等效应力出现在缺口根部；标准缺口应力集中系数K1是时间的函数，随时间的增加，K1缓慢增大后叉缓慢减小，其中夏氏U型与夏氏钥匙型变化近似重合，应力集中系数最小，梅式U型次之，夏氏V型最大；标准缺口试样对缺口根部达到断裂的响应时间不同，夏氏V型最快，其次是梅氏U型和夏氏U型，夏氏钥匙型最慢。     

Effect of strain rate on compressive behavior of a Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass

Mechanical deformation of Pd₄₀Ni₄₀P₂₀ was characterized in compression over a wide strain rate range (3.3×10⁻⁵ to 2×10³ s⁻¹) at room temperature. The compression sample fractured with a shear plane inclined 42 degree with respect to the loading axis, in contrast to 56 degree for the case of tension. This suggests the yielding of the material deviates from the classical von Mises yield criterion, but follows the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. Fracture stress as well as strain was found to decrease with increasing applied strain rate. The compressive stress (1.74 GPa) was also found to be higher than the tensile fracture stress at a quasi-static strain rate. Close examination of the stress–strain curves revealed that localized shear might have occurred at a compressive stress of about 1.4 GPa, much lower than the “apparent” yield stress of 1.74 GPa. However, the stress of 1.4 GPa for shear band initiation is almost the same as the fracture stress measured at a dynamic strain rate of 5×10² s⁻¹. These results suggested that the fracture of a bulk metallic glass is sensitive to the applied loading rate.     

力学因素对Welten60管线钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

采用慢应变速率实验,低频小振幅加载实验,研究了力学因素的变化对Welten 60钢在80℃的0.5mol/L Na_2CO_3和1mol/L NaHCO_3溶液介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响。实验结果表明:Welten 60钢在该溶液中为沿晶型的SCC;用小锥度拉伸试样获得的应力腐蚀开裂门槛值σ_(th)与应变速率ε和加载频率f有关,σ_(th)随ε和f的减小而降低;用板状单边缺口试样测得的SCC裂纹扩展速率(平台期)da/dt约为3.5×10~(-6)mm/s,应力腐蚀开裂临界应力强度因子K_(ISCC)约为32MPam~(1/2)。     

激光熔区中应力缓解的X射线衍射法测定

AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢表面经激光熔化处理,引入一个大的张应力,它可用注Ne的方法使其缓解本文介绍测量0.1μm薄层应力变化的原理和技术,由测得的应力分布曲线证明了注Ne缓解表面张应力的效果     

关于焊接应力变形两个问题的进一步探讨

讨论了焊缝是否存在压缩塑性变形问题和拉达伊D应力应变原理图存在的问题。指出刚刚经历熔化—凝固过程的焊缝不存在压缩塑性变形 ,一直承受拉伸塑伸变形。拉伸塑性变形区的范围要比拉达伊D的原理图上给出的大得多 ,对拉达伊D的原理图进行全面修改 ,提出新的焊接热应力应变原理图。在新原理图中 ,三组曲线分别是升温—降温、压缩—拉伸和拉伸弹性—塑性变形的分界线。将等温线所处的温度明确为熔点 ,它包围的区域为熔池。取消弹性卸载区的提法 ,改为弹性变形区。整个焊接板由弹性变形区、压缩塑性变形区、拉伸塑性变形区和熔池组成。     

铁素体-奥氏体异种钢接头的界面组织及力学性能

为提高电站锅炉过热器铁素体－奥氏体异种钢焊接接头的高温蠕变断裂强度和服役寿命，设计了专用的镍基填充材料及组合焊接接头。通过对不同焊缝接头的高温蠕变力不试验，焊缝界面组织变化分析，碳扩散和热应力的测试分析，认为在高温低力的条件下，接头焊缝界面及热影响区碳元素扩散迁移和碳化物聚集是影响接头蠕变断裂强度的重要原因。     

CO32--HCO3-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3 溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区.在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低.试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂.应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释.