Tensile properties of long aligned double-walled carbon nanotube strands

The mechanical properties of well-aligned double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) strands with diameters of 3-20 μm and lengths of ∼10 mm were measured using a stress-strain puller. The average tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the tested strands are 1.2 GPa and 16 GPa, respectively. Deformation and fracture processes of these samples are discussed. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of an individual DWNT bundle were estimated, with values comparable to those of SWNT bundles. The superior mechanical strengths of our as-prepared DWNT strands are expected to give them potential as a high-strength material and a reinforcement in composites.     

(1-x)NBT-xBaTiO3系陶瓷材料制备过程中极化条件的研究

选取部分样品，采用不同的极化电压、极化温度和保温时间，测试其压电性能，确定最佳的极化工艺制度。     

Preparation,morphology, and mechanical properties of elastomers based on α,ω‐dihydroxy‐polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene blends

α,ω‐Dihydroxy‐polydimethylsiloxane/polystyrene (PDMS/PS) blends were prepared by the solution polymerization of styrene (St) in the presence of α,ω ‐dihydroxy‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), using toluene as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The PDMS/PS blends obtained by this method are a series of stable, white gums, which were vulcanized to elastomers at room temperature with methyl‐triethoxysilicane (MTES). The use level of MTES was far more than the necessary amount used to end‐link hydroxy‐terminated chains of PDMS, with the excess being hydrolyzed to crosslinked networks, which were similar to SiO₂ and acted as filler. Investigations were carried out on the elastomeric materials by extraction measurement, swelling measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. The extraction data show that at each composition the amount of soluble fraction is less than expected and the difference between experimental and theoretical values becomes more and more significant as PS content increases. This is mainly due to the grafting of PS onto PDMS and the entanglement of PS in the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), which consists of either directly linked PDMS chains or chains linked via PS grafts and is formed by free radical crosslinking of PDMS during the radical polymerization of St. PS grafted on PDMS is insoluble and PS entangled in the IPN is difficult to extract. Both render the soluble fraction to be less than expected. As the St content in preparing PDMS/PS blends increases, the probability of grafting PS onto PDMS also increases, which may subsequently produce a higher crosslinking level of PDMS networks that linked via PS grafts by radical crosslinking. As a result, not only the amount of insoluble PS increases but also PS entangled in the IPN is more difficult to extract. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the elastomer system has a microphase‐separated structure and a certain amount of PS remains in the PDMS networks after extraction, which is in accordance with the extraction data. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the elastormeric materials have been studied in detail. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3542–3548, 2004     

几个影响PVA为粘合剂的光敏热成像材料感光性能的因素研究

本文以水性聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘合剂，原位法合成的AgBr作为光敏元，考察了组分四氯邻苯二甲酸、酞嗪以及三溴甲基砜类防灰雾剂在体系不同pH值时对PTG材料感光性能的影响．实验结果表明：防灰雾剂可以明显地降低灰雾和减小最大密度；体系pH在7．0-7．5之间时，感光度最大，而灰雾随着体系pH的升高而增大．     

Sulfur‐free lignin as reinforcing component of styrene–butadiene rubber

The potential application of lignin biopolymer as a component of styrene–butadiene rubber was examined with regard to its ability to reinforce the vulcanizates. It was shown that the sulfur‐free lignin preparation improved physicomechanical properties of rubber. The determination of the coefficient of lignin activity confirmed that lignin acts as an active filler. FTIR characteristics of lignin isolated from the vulcanizate containing 20 phr lignin indicated its interaction with the sulfur system, resulting in formation of noncyclic sulfide structures. In the case of higher lignin amount in the vulcanizate, some interfacial interaction between lignin and SBR may occur. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 924–929, 2005     

垃圾焚烧管式布风流化床的冷态实验

在床截面为300mm×300mm、床高为4. 4m的管式布风流化床实验台上,分别对宽筛分下不同颗粒粒度、不同床层高度、不同截面流速、布风的均匀性以及非平衡布风时颗粒流化特性进行实验研究,为未来垃圾衍生燃料的流化燃烧实验提供基础数据。管式布风流化床的开孔方向与夹角大小对床层压降变化影响明显,向下开孔角度越小,动能消耗越大,但床层稳定性能好。随着料层高度增加,各布风管间的布风更趋于平衡,流化的稳定与均匀性能也越好。管组压降失衡时,床层压降不平衡明显增加,波动幅度增大,不稳定性明显高于正常流化状态。     

改性磁性壳聚糖微球的制备、表征及性能研究

以(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O、NH4Fe(SO4)2.12H2O和壳聚糖为原料,经羟丙基化、胺基化,采用一步包埋法制备了一种新型的多胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球。通过正交实验法确定了磁性微球的最佳制备条件,即搅拌速度1200r/min,壳聚糖用量3.0g,环氧氯丙烷用量2.5mL,乙二胺用量2.5mL。并用IR、TG、XRD和SEM对其结构及形貌进行了表征。结果表明,Fe3O4磁性粒子已包埋了一层胺基化壳聚糖。磁性微球胺基含量为2.302mmol/g;呈较规则的球形,平均粒径为209nm,且具有顺磁性和良好的耐酸性。     

Surface properties of surfactants derived from natural products. Part 1: Syntheses and structure/property relationships—Solubility and emulsification

Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized and some of their surface properties have been characterized and compared with those of commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The surfactant solubility in water, ethanol, and dodecane was studied. The properties of these compounds as emulsification agents in systems composed of the surfactant with water/isopropyl myristate, water/rapeseed oil, and water/dodecane are presented. The aqueous solubility of the surfactants follows the general trend expected from their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance according to Griffin (HLBG), but it is also clear that the nature of the headgroup and the structure of the nonpolar part affect the solubility in a manner not aptured in the standard HLBG concept. An ester or amine group as the connecting unit between the hydrophile and the hydrophobe produces a more water-soluble surfactant than the corresponding amide derivative. Some effective emulsifiers were found. For instance, the surfactants with a dehydroabietic nonpolar group appear to be promosing emulsifiers. Most sugar-based surfactants were able to form macroemulsions of up to around 2 wt/vol% of oil. The stability of many of these amulsions was very high, extending for months.