纳米材料应用技术中常见问题随笔

17．何谓固体颗粒的表面改性?固体颗粒表面改性是指采用一定的方法对无机或有机固体颗粒的表面进行处理、精细修饰及加工，有目的改变固体颗粒表面的物理、化学性质，以满足固体颗粒加工及应用的一种技术。     

Analysis of trace mercury in water by solid phase extraction using dithizone modified nanometer titanium dioxide and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method for analysis of trace mercury in water samples was developed, based on the combination of preconcentration/separation using dithizone-modified nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a solid phase extractant and determination by cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry (CVAAS). Dithizone was dissolved with alcohol and loaded on the surface of nano-sized TiO2 powders by stirring. The static adsorption behavior of Hg2 on the dithizone-modified nanoparticles was investigated in detail. It was found that excellent adsorption ratio for Hg2 could be obtained in the pH range of 7-8 with an oscillation time of 15 min, and a 5 mL of 3.5 mol·L-1 HCl solution could quantitatively elute Hg2 from nanometer TiO2 powder. Common coexisting ions caused no obvious influence on the determination of mercury. The mechanisms for the adsorption and desorption were discussed. The detection limit (3σ) for Hg2 was calculated to be 5 ng·L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Hg2 in a mineral water sample and a Zhujiang River water sample. By the standard addition method, the average recoveries were found to be 94.4%-108.3% with RSD (n = 5) of 2.9%-3.5%.     

一种制备磁性粉末的新技术--均匀颗粒成型法

采用均匀颗粒成型法（Uniform Dropler Spray-UDS）制备Fe基合金粉末，该方法制备的颗粒粒度分布均匀，性能一致，大大优于传统的粉末制备方法（如破碎法、气雾化），具有广阔的应用前景。本文分析了粉末制备过程中颗粒尺寸的影响因素，结果表明：颗粒的大小主要取决于坩埚底部小孔、坩埚内外气体压强差以及振荡频率三个独立变量。     

二价金属离子对UASB颗粒污泥的影响

分析了Mg^2 、Ca^2 、Fe^2 等二价金属离子对UASB反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥的影响。     

附加励磁阻尼控制抑制次同步谐振研究

基于阻尼特性分析对抑制次同步振荡的附加励磁系统阻尼控制器（SEDC）进行了详细研究。首先基于IEEE次同步谐振第一标准测试系统及IEEE ST1A型励磁系统设计相应的SEDC。采用测试信号法，通过计算发电机组的次同步电气阻尼特性，分析所设计的SEDC对发电机组次同步振荡的抑制效果。结果表明，SEDC在不采用带通滤波器的方式下，将转速偏差经适当移相及放大，通过对励磁电压的调节，可以提供足够的阻尼转矩抑制次同步谐振;采用带通滤波器可大大提高通带频率对应的电气阻尼，同时对多个模态采用带通滤波，可以同时提高各个扭振频率处的电气阻尼，有利于次同步谐振的抑制。     

Observation and Analysis of Gypsum Particleboard using SEM

The microstructures of gypsum board and gypsum particleboard were observed by SEM. The effects of retarder and waterproof agent on the shape and the average dimension of the gypsum crystal were discussed. The mechanism was investigated as well. Four typical instances, i e, the gypsum crystal shape, the gypsum combined with particles on the particles surface, the gypsum combined with particles on the wood cross section and the gypsum combined with particles inside the wood cell cavity were selected and observed. Furthermore, the agglomeration and cementation mechanism between gypsum and particle were studied.     

减震装置用低弹性模量高阻尼橡胶的开发

该文重点叙述了低弹性模量高阻尼橡胶的动态粘弹性等基本特性，对试样的基本特性及其各种相关性及叠层橡胶模型进行了评价。     

附加励磁阻尼控制抑制多模态SSR的机理及其关键技术

一些新建的大型煤电基地由于采用较高固定串补度的厂对网远距离大容量输电模式，所引发的多模态次同步谐振（SSR）正成为威胁机组安全和电网稳定的现实难题。以上都电厂串补输电工程（二期）为例，阐述多模态SSR的发生机理，分析采用附加励磁阻尼控制（SEDC）抑制多模态SSR的基本原理及其相对于其他措施的特点和优势，并重点探讨SEDC研发中面临的关键技术问题及其解决思路，为中国自主研发和应用SEDC设备解决SSR问题奠定基础。     

透明线型低密度聚乙烯专用料助剂配方体系的研制及其性能研究

采用助剂配方后改性的技术方法,研制出用于生产透明线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)膜专用料助剂配方体系ES.ES为有机成核剂/无机成核剂及常规助剂的复配体系.用其改性生产的透明LLDPE专用料的雾度降至13%以下,膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率亦有所提高.研究发现,成核剂颗粒的大小及其尺寸分布是影响其增透效果的主要因素.     

Microstructure of Nano-Y203／Cobalt Based ,Alloy Composite Coating byLaser Cladding

Composite coatings made of nano-Y203/cobalt-based alloy and produced by crosscurrent CO2 laser on Ni-based superalloy are introduced. Cross-section or surface of the coatings was examined to reveal their microstructure using optical microscope, SEM, including EDS microanalysis, TEM and XRD. The results show that some equilibrium or non-equilibrium phases, such as γ-C0, Cr23C6, Y203 and ε-Co exist in the coatings. Fine and short dendritic microstructure andcolumnar to equiaxed transition (CET) occurred by adding nano-Y203 particles. With the increasing amount of nano-Y203(1%, mass fraction), fully equiaxed crystallization appeared. These are caused by nano-Y203 particles acting as new nucleation site and rapid solidification of the melt. The results also show that inhomogeneous dispersion of nano-Y203 resultsin the formation of ε-Co phase in the coatings. The sub-microstructure of the clad is stacking fault. The mechanism of theformation of equiaxed grains is also analyzed.