Modified predictive control for both normal and LVRT operations of a Quasi-Z-Source Matrix Converter based WECS

A new Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) fed by a Quasi-Z-Source Matrix Converter (qZSMC), is proposed. At the same time, the paper proposes a Modified Predictive Control (MPC) for both normal and Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) operations of the proposed WECS. First, the qZSMC comprised of a Three-Phase Quasi-Z-Source Network (TPQZSN) and a Matrix Converter (MC) is analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The TPQZSN is modeled using state–space averaging method and its transfer functions are derived. The transfer functions are then analyzed using Bode plot, and eventually a guide to select the proper passive components of the qZSMC is rendered. A MPC is proposed to control grid-side quantities while the generator speed is controlled by shoot-through adjustment. Unlike the Traditional Predictive Control (TPC), the proposed MPC can be applied to z-source converters, while considerably reducing output current ripples. The proposed control system is further adapted to enhance LVRT capability of the proposed WECS. The performance of the proposed WECS is evaluated under both normal and abnormal working conditions, comparing it with the Traditional MC-based PMSG-WECS (TMC-WECS).     

Output feedback model predictive control of hydraulic systems with disturbances compensation

Enhancing the robustness of output feedback control has always been an important issue in hydraulic servo systems. In this paper, an output feedback model predictive controller (MPC) with the integration of an extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for hydraulic systems. The ESO was designed to estimate not only the unmeasured system states but also the disturbances, which will be synthesized into the design of the output prediction equation. Based on the mechanism of receding horizon and repeating optimization of MPC, the output prediction equation will be updated in real time and the future behavior of the system will be accurately predicted since the disturbances are compensated effectively. Hence, the ability of the traditional MPC to suppress disturbances will be improved evidently. The experiment results show that the proposed controller has high-performance nature and strong robustness against various model uncertainties, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

Design of multi-parametric NCO tracking controllers for linear dynamic systems

A methodology for combining multi-parametric programming and NCO tracking is presented in the case of linear dynamic systems. The resulting parametric controllers consist of (potentially nonlinear) feedback laws for tracking optimality conditions by exploiting the underlying optimal control switching structure. Compared to the classical multi-parametric MPC controller, this approach leads to a reduction in the number of critical regions. It calls for the solution of more difficult parametric optimization problems with linear differential equations embedded, whose critical regions are potentially nonconvex. Examples of constrained linear quadratic optimal control problems with parametric uncertainty are presented to illustrate the approach.     

模型预测控制方法在主动配电网协调控制中的应用

基于主动配电网分层协调控制的特点与储能系统的控制特性,提出应用于主动配电网自治区域的协调控制的模型预测控制方法,并利用动态矩阵控制算法在Matlab 中对主动配电网储能的协调控制进行了场景仿真。仿真结果表明,应用预测控制方法的区域控制器比传统的 PI 控制器有更好的性能。     

基于NMPC-PID的大型风力机独立变桨控制

大型风力机的不平衡载荷会使叶片断裂,造成事故从而减短其使用寿命。针对大型风力发电系统在高风速区的不平衡载荷问题,提出一种NMPC-PID的独立变桨载荷控制方法。非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)用于及时调整风机桨叶的桨距角,PID控制则用于消除塔架振动的影响。运用机制方法在仿真平台搭建风力发电系统模型,运用所提控制策略进行仿真实验,并在两种情况下与模型预测控制方法(MPC)进行对比,验证了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

Tuning the Model Predictive Control of a Crude Distillation Unit

Tuning the parameters of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) of an industrial Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) is considered here. A realistic scenario is depicted where the inputs of the CDU system have optimizing targets, which are provided by the Real Time Optimization layer of the control structure. It is considered the nominal case, in which both the CDU model and the MPC model are the same. The process outputs are controlled inside zones instead of at fixed set points. Then, the tuning procedure has to define the weights that penalize the output error with respect to the control zone, the weights that penalize the deviation of the inputs from their targets, as well as the weights that penalize the input moves. A tuning approach based on multi-objective optimization is proposed and applied to the MPC of the CDU system. The performance of the controller tuned with the proposed approach is compared through simulation with the results of an existing approach also based on multi-objective optimization. The simulation results are similar, but the proposed approach has a computational load significantly lower than the existing method. The tuning effort is also much lower than in the conventional practical approaches that are usually based on ad-hoc procedures.     

A comparison of a novel robust decentralised control strategy and MPC for industrial high purity,high recovery,multicomponent distillation

In this work we have developed a novel, robust practical control structure to regulate an industrial methanol distillation column. This proposed control scheme is based on a override control framework and can manage a non-key trace ethanol product impurity specification while maintaining high product recovery. For comparison purposes, a MPC with a discrete process model (based on step tests) was also developed and tested. The results from process disturbance testing shows that, both the MPC and the proposed controller were capable of maintaining both the trace level ethanol specification in the distillate (X_D) and high product recovery (β). Closer analysis revealed that the MPC controller has a tighter X_D control, while the proposed controller was tighter in β control. The tight X_D control allowed the MPC to operate at a higher X_D set point (closer to the 10 ppm AA grade methanol standard), allowing for savings in energy usage. Despite the energy savings of the MPC, the proposed control scheme has lower installation and running costs. An economic analysis revealed a multitude of other external economic and plant design factors, that should be considered when making a decision between the two controllers. In general, we found relatively high energy costs favour MPC.     

基于RBFNN的料场称重预测控制系统

为提高称重配料过程的控制精度,探讨了基于径向基神经网络(RBFNN)辨识的模型预测控制(MPC)系统的应用,着重介绍了径向基神经网络的特点,模型预测控制特性,提出了以径向基神经网络作为预测器和控制器的模型预测控制系统。实践证明,该系统可以改进被控对象的性能,适用于较为复杂的不确定性强的非线性控制对象。目前已成功在福建某钢铁厂烧结料场控制系统改造项目中投入使用,并取得了良好的控制效果,该系统在钢铁冶炼烧结称重环节不同料种圆盘中有广阔的应用前景。     

CDMA系统定位接口协议分析与实现

现有的移动通信网络如果要支持定位业务,就必须对网络进行改造,本文从网络实体和信令流程两方面介绍了网络升级的内容,并给出了定位接口协议的实现方案。文章对深入了解定位技术具有一定的参考价值。