同步荧光法测定废水中微量十二烷基苯磺酸钠

以丁基罗丹明B为荧光探针,用同步荧光分析法测定工业及生活废水中微量十二烷基苯磺酸钠。实验结果表明:在pH 6.0的缓冲溶液中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠对丁基罗丹明B的荧光具有较强的猝灭作用,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为0~128.0μg/mL时,荧光猝灭程度与其质量浓度呈直线关系,检出限为0.085 6μg/mL。     

硅酸镧镓晶体微天平测定石蜡膜的吸附特性

硅酸镧镓晶体微天平(LCM)是以硅酸镧镓晶体为压电材料研制的新型压电式传感器,对表面质量负载变化有灵敏的频率响应。在LCM表面浇铸石蜡薄膜,实时监测十二烷基苯磺酸钠在石蜡膜表面吸附过程中的质量变化,结果表明:其吸附过程呈现可逆吸附特征,并可以用Langmu ir等温线和动力学模型进行回归分析,获得吸附/脱附速率常数、平衡常数、饱和吸附量等参数,并讨论了盐浓度的影响。     

磺化反应器的化学清洗研究

针对磺化反应器的垢样,通过对酸浓度与腐蚀速率关系的研究,给磺化反应器特殊材质实施化学 清洗提供了必要的依据.     

石油磺酸盐作为轻油、水和煤三元混合燃料分散剂的研究

以TX非离子表面活性剂为乳化剂,廉价易得的石油磺酸盐表面活性剂为分散剂制备了轻油、水和煤三元混合燃料.考察了4种石油磺酸盐所制备的三元混合体系的流变性,优化选择了TX和石油磺酸盐的配比及用量.通过FTIR光谱分析了各种石油磺酸盐产品和分散性能较好的萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物NF的结构,通过对比研究发现石油磺酸盐的原料馏分油中芳香类物质含量越多,则磺化程度越高,所得的石油磺酸盐产品分散降黏性能越好,更适合作为三元混合体系的分散剂.结果表明:F#石油磺酸盐的分散性能最好,当w(TX):w(PS-F#)=0.3%:0.8%时,可制得w(C):w(W):w(O)=63%:27%:10%和w(C):w(W):w(O)=65%:30%:5%的两种三元混合体系,在25℃下剪切速率为100s-1时体系的表观黏度分别为415.0和1060.7mPa.s,可稳定贮存60d以上,达到了工业上对煤浆燃料的性能要求.     

Effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge,food waste,and green waste

Abstract

The anionic detergent sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) inhibits anaerobic solid waste fermentation process in mesophilic anaerobic digesters. In this study, the effect SDBS on the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) of mixture of sewage sludge, food waste, and green waste serving as substrate was investigated. The batch experiments were conducted with five SDBS concentrations namely 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2?g/g (SDBS/dry sludge) under mesophilic condition (37?±?1?°C) and lasted for 63?days. The results showed that the presence of SDBS remarkably increased the release of protein and carbohydrate, and resulting in the serious accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially for propionate accumulation. Likewise, the observed variations in enzyme activities associated with different stage of AD revealed that methanogenesis was quite sensitive to SDBS and inhibited by the increase of SDBS addition. Meanwhile, the presence of SDBS decreased the pH value and the concentration of free ammonia, but increased the concentration of NH₄⁺-N. Furthermore, the production of biogas was reduced by SDBS. In conclusion, SDBS addition has a negative impact on anaerobic co-digestion. On the one hand, methanogens were severely inhibited and biogas yield decreased remarkably, on the other hand, the accumulation of VFAs was excessive. Thus, the presence of surfactant (SDBS) in the municipal organic waste should be concerned during the waste disposal via anaerobic digestion process.     

含铜聚合物金属磺酸盐催化Strecker反应

通过自组装法制备了一种基于离子键形成的含铜聚合物金属磺酸盐非均相催化剂。该催化剂在Strecker反应中显示了较好的催化活性,且回收5次后催化活性无明显降低。     

CuBr2‐induced charge screening on photoactive nanocolloidal polypyrrole:poly(styrene sulfonate) composite multilayer thin‐film counter electrodes for high‐efficiency dye‐sensitized solar cells

Nanocolloidal polypyrrole (PPy):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) particles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using 15 wt% of PSS. The highly processable polymer composite (PPy:PSS) was spin‐coated at 4000 rpm on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass and subsequently employed as a counter electrode (CE) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). PPy:PSS multilayer (one, three, five) CEs were treated with CuBr₂ salt, which enhances the efficiency of the DSCs. Optical studies reveal that a bulkier counterion hinders interchain interactions of PPy which on salt treatment shows a moderate redshift in absorption maxima. Salt‐treated PPy:PSS films exhibit lower charge transfer resistance, higher surface roughness and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I₃^?, when compared with untreated films. The improved catalytic performance of salt‐treated PPy:PSS multilayer films is attributed to charge screening and conformational change of PPy, along with the removal of excess PSS. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, salt treatment is shown to boost the efficiency of multilayer PPy:PSS composite film‐based DSCs, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency of 6.18, 6.33 and 6.37% for one, three and five layers, respectively. These values are significantly higher (ca 50%) than those for corresponding devices without CuBr₂ salt treatment (3.48, 2.90 and 2.01%, respectively). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

石油磺酸盐弱碱体系采出液分离及影响因素

跟踪石油磺酸盐弱碱体系三元复合驱矿场试验主段塞注入阶段,对采出液进行了系统研究,模拟了碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对采出液油水分离特性的单一和协同影响。结果表明:碱与原油中的天然物质反应生成界面活性物质,降低油水界面张力,使原油乳状液乳化强度增大,O/W型乳状液中的分散相油珠粒径显著下降,稳定性增强;在低表面活性剂质量浓度下,活性剂吸附到油水界面上顶替了部分原油中的天然表面活性物质及碱与原油反应生成的界面活性物质,插入到油水界面上胶质和沥青质聚集体之间,降低了胶质和沥青质聚集体之间的作用力,但加强了界面黏弹性,使原油乳状液稳定性增强;聚合物使水相具有黏弹性,使得水滴难以破裂,导致原油乳状液中水滴尺寸增大,稳定性下降。