高铁锰氨氮地下水锰极限质量浓度研究

为研究生物除铁除锰滤柱对高铁锰氨氮地下水中锰的极限质量浓度,采用培养成熟并稳定运行一段时间的滤柱,逐步提高其进水锰的质量浓度,考察锰的极限质量浓度．结果表明:在进水总铁、氨氮质量浓度分别为5～10、0.9～1.3 mg／L,水温为8 ℃,滤速为6 m／h的实验条件下,当进水溶解氧约8.5 mg／L时,锰的极限质量浓度为7.5 mg／L;溶解氧大于10 mg／L时,锰极限质量浓度为10.5 mg／L;锰质量浓度升高对铁和氨氮的去除没有影响．沿程分析发现：沿滤层向下,相同厚度滤料除锰量逐渐减少;锰质量浓度升高过程中,氨氮的沿程去除没有变化．锰的极限质量浓度受溶解氧限制,溶解氧越高,极限质量浓度越高．     

基于纵向直接力控制的飞翼布局无人机紊流减缓

飞翼布局无人机在大气紊流中飞行会受到较大的紊流载荷,而受限于自身构型和舵面配置,无法采用传统控制方案进行紊流载荷减缓。分析了飞翼布局无人机的舵面气动特性,提出一种多组舵面配合产生纵向直接控制力的垂直紊流减缓方案,并采用自抗扰控制技术设计了非线性控制器,在线估计系统误差和紊流扰动,并进行补偿控制。仿真结果表明:飞翼布局无人机采用直接力控制方案,并加入该非线性控制器后,能显著减缓在大气紊流中飞行中的法向过载,同时保证姿态和航迹稳定。     

无磁链反馈无刷直流电机控制研究

基于直接转矩控制的无磁链反馈,提出一种无刷直流电机控制方法,该方法运用转速和转矩滞环的逻辑信号来驱动空间电压矢量,既起到直接控制电机转矩作用,又削弱了转矩脉动;这种方法消除了复杂的磁链环节,SIMULINK和实验结果表明,该系统实现了设计要求.     

基于Simulink的三相异步电动机直接转矩控制仿真

基于三相异步电动机定子α-β坐标,利用Simulink构建了三相异步电动机的直接转矩控制方案,并利用S函数对异步电动机进行建模。该文给出了定子扇区划分与选择的原则,在电压矢量选择方面采用两电平输出的转矩和磁链调节器代替传统常用的三电平的转矩和磁链调节器,简化了二维表设计。仿真结果证明了该设计方案的正确性和有效性。     

灌区地下水承载力风险评价

灌区由于水文水资源条件、取用水规模等因素的不确定性,地下水承载力不可避免地存在风险.但现有评价方法均采用确定性模型,难以反映承载能力的可靠性.借鉴地下水开发利用风险的内涵,将灌区地下水承载力风险定义为受不确定性因素的影响,地下水承载的GDP、人口、粮食产量和污水排放量达不到期望效果的概率;选取地表水可利用量、地下水可利用量、引黄水可利用量、灌溉定额、人口增长率、GDP增长率、农业万元GDP用水量、工业万元GDP用水量、第三产业万元GDP用水量、城镇居民生活用水定额、农村居民生活用水定额11个风险因子,采用Monte Carlo随机模拟方法,建立灌区地下水承载力多目标风险评价模型,利用粒子群优化算法求解模型.应用该模型分析了人民胜利渠灌区2010,2015和2020水平年地下水承载力风险,其综合风险分别为0.334 2,0.458 9和0.576 2,表明地下水承载力达到期望效果的可能性呈现下降趋势.     

气雾射流动态传热实验研究

设计搭建了气雾射流动态传热实验装置,建立了二维非稳态导热反问题模型,研究了表面温度和表面热流密度的时间分布.结果表明在冷却过程中缸体穿越喷射区与淌水区历经了几个不同的换热阶段,温度曲线出现了明显的周期性的特点,成功的模拟了连铸二冷气雾冷却周期性换热的特征.     

Cooling rate effects on the structure and transformation behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys

Different fragments of a hot-rolled and homogenized Cu–Zn–Al shape memory alloy（SMA） were subjected to thermal cycling by means of a differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） device. During thermal cycling, heating was performed at the same constant rate of increasing temperature while cooling was carried out at different rates of decreasing temperature. For each cooling rate, the temperature decreased in the same thermal interval. During each cooling stage, an exothermic peak（maximum） was observed on the DSC thermogram. This peak was associated with forward martensitic transformation. The DSC thermograms were analyzed with PROTEUS software： the critical martensitic transformation start（Ms） and finish（Mf） temperatures were determined by means of integral and tangent methods, and the dissipated heat was evaluated by the area between the corresponding maximum plot and a sigmoid baseline. The effects of the increase in cooling rate, assessed from a calorimetric viewpoint, consisted in the augmentation of the exothermic peak and the delay of direct martensitic transformation. The latter had the tendency to move to lower critical transformation temperatures. The martensite plates changed in morphology by becoming more oriented and by an augmenting in surface relief, which corresponded with the increase in cooling rate as observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.     

600MW机组凝汽器最佳冷却倍率的分析计算

采用cycle-tempo软件,通过某厂热力系统的质量和能量守恒方程,构建其600MW热力发电机组的静态系统模型。通过理论分析冷却水流量、初温以及工况的变化对凝汽器性能的影响,并结合模型在冷却水进口水温和进水量变化时,根据实际运行数据的范围,使用计算机迭代,在全厂煤耗率最低时获得最佳冷却倍率。     

Direct reduction of carburized pre-reduced pellets by microwave heating简

A new iron-making process using carburized pre-reduced iron ore pellets and microwave heating is investigated. The pre-reduced pellets, with a porous structure, and fine particles are carburized homogeneously at 400-650 ℃ in a CO atmosphere. The carburized carbon not only acts reaction as a reduction agent, but also absorbs microwave in the reduction process. Hence, the carburized pre-reduced pellets can be rapidly reduced by microwave heating. There are three procedures involved in the process, namely, gas-based pre-reduction, low-temperatttre carburization and deep reduction by microwave heating. Carburized pre-reduced iron ore pellets show a rapid temperature rise that is twice as fast as the results for pre-reduced pellets in the laboratory. This not only improves the efficiency of the microwave heating, but also accelerates the reduction of iron oxides. The temperature of the pre-reduced pellets rises to 1050 ℃ in 45 min when the carburization rate is 2.02%, and the metallization rate and compressive strength reach 94.24% and 1725 N/pellet, respectively.     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.