New two‐dimensional slope limiters for discontinuous Galerkin methods on arbitrary meshes

In this paper, we introduce an extension of Van Leer's slope limiter for two‐dimensional discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods on arbitrary unstructured quadrangular or triangular grids. The aim is to construct a non‐oscillatory shock capturing DG method for the approximation of hyperbolic conservative laws without adding excessive numerical dispersion. Unlike some splitting techniques that are limited to linear approximations on rectangular grids, in this work, the solution is approximated by means of piecewise quadratic functions. The main idea of this new reconstructing and limiting technique follows a well‐known approach where local maximum principle regions are defined by enforcing some constraints on the reconstruction of the solution. Numerical comparisons with some existing slope limiters on structured as well as on unstructured meshes show a superior accuracy of our proposed slope limiters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岭澳核电工程38m平台边坡处理

岭澳核电重件道路施工中所遇到的38m的观景平台在大亚湾核电站占有重要地位,在工程施工中发现边坡坡体陡峭,无法达到规范规定的稳定要求,故采取了加固措施。采用抗滑稳定计算的分析方法,对边坡加固的必要性及实施加固后的稳定性进行了分析。     

裂隙岩体边坡稳定性的渗流与应力耦合分析

用裂隙岩体渗流与应力耦合分析的四自由度全耦合法对岩质边坡进行耦合分析,通过强度折减有限元法求解岩体边坡的稳定安全系数。四自由度全耦合法建立了同时以渗流水压和位移为未知量的耦合方程组,使得渗流场与应力场的求解能够一次性完成,与两场交叉迭代分析方法相比达到了彻底的完全耦合。通过强度折减,整个系统达到不稳定状态,有限元计算将不收敛,此时的折减系数就是安全系数。算例表明由此求得的边坡稳定安全系数和滑动面都与传统方法十分接近。     

珠江口盆地开平凹陷油气聚集条件分析

珠江口盆地自新生代以来,曾先后受到不同方向张应力的作用,造成了不同时期构造体系的交叉叠合.中中新世以来构造运动强烈,并具有东强西弱的特点,对油气的运移与聚集产生了重要影响.开平凹陷的剧烈断裂和断陷活动始于始新世,并在同期沉积了巨厚的文昌组.晚渐新世以后,由于断裂活动非常微弱,在成熟的烃源岩与其上地层之间缺乏有效的油源断层,因而自生自储、近距离运移可能是开平凹陷油气聚集的基本特征.在凹陷内部,因重力滑动和欠压实泥岩共同作用所形成的KPll-1构造带可能是该区最具有油气远景的地区.     

中国碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探进展与问题

介绍了中国陆上与海上碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏的勘探历程.总结了伴随碎屑岩隐蔽油气藏勘探过程中新理论新技术的进展情况,理论上包括层序地层理论在中国的不断创新、坡折带理论、复式输导体系、相势控藏及三元控藏理论,这些理论推动了隐蔽油气藏从个别识别到定性和定量预测,促进了盆地不同构造位置、不同层系、不同领域隐蔽油气藏的勘探;技术上主要体现在高精度层序地层研究、为高精度层序地层研究而发展的保幅处理和高分辨率处理技术、验证和预测隐蔽砂体的反演技术、隐蔽砂体快速直观识别的可视化技术、分析隐蔽砂体含油性的AVO技术及分频等地球物理技术.尽管如此,隐蔽油气藏勘探失败案例暴露了许多问题,这些问题在于缺乏系统运用隐蔽油气藏理论或者由于隐蔽油气藏成藏理论不完善难以准确快速评价是否成藏,此外,由于地球物理预测具有多解性也会导致错误的认识.因此,今后应充分利用高分辨率地震资料,大力推进叠前处理和反演技术,进一步弄清隐蔽油气藏成藏机理及主控因素.     

柴达木盆地断裂上下盘油气差异聚集效应与成因

断裂沟通含油气盆地不同层位、不同时代的烃源岩和生储盖组合，成为连接烃源岩和各种圈阔的重要渠道，导致了多种类型的与断裂有关的油气藏的形成。柴达木盆地的断裂控烃特征明显，断裂上下盘油气差异聚集现象十分普遍，不同构造系统区具有不同的油气差异聚集机理和模式。其根本原因是断裂上下盘具有不同的地质特征和油气运聚成藏条件，它们往往是互为消长的关系。油气是富集在断裂的上盘，还是聚集在断裂的下盘，取决于具体的地质条件。     

鄂尔多斯西部前陆盆地发育特征及勘探前景

鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北板块西部，是我国大型叠加型含油气盆地之一。在对其进行的首轮油气勘探中发现了中生界大型油田，在二轮普查中对古生代的研究取得了突破和进展。文中在对鄂尔多斯盆地西部的前陆盆地概况及其基本特征、特点、油气成藏地质条件分析的基础上，阐述了前陆盆地油气勘探前景、难点，并提出了勘探对策。     

Variations in Spectral Slope in Lake Taihu,a Large Subtropical Shallow Lake in China

Spectral slope (S), describing the exponential decrease of the absorption spectrum over a given wavelength range, is an important parameter in the study of of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dynamics, and also an essential input parameter in remote sensing models. Furthermore, S is often used as a proxy for CDOM composition, including the ratio of fulvic to humic acids and molecular weight. The relative broad range in S values reported in the literature can be explained by the different spectral ranges and fitting methods used. A single exponential model is used to fit the S values for 17 investigations involving 458 samples in Lake Taihu from January to October in 2004. The average S value was 15.18 ± 1.39 μm⁻¹ for the range of 280–500 nm, which fell within the range reported in the literature. The frequency distribution of S value basically obeyed a normal distribution. Significant differences in S values between summer and other seasons showed that phytoplankton degradation was one of the important sources of CDOM in summer, whereas CDOM mainly came from the river input in other seasons. Furthermore, the estimated S value decreased with increasing wavelength range used in regression. The maximum and minimum values derived from the regression were 17.89 ± 1.25 μm⁻¹ and 13.62 ± 2.11 μm⁻¹ for the wavelength ranges of 280–380 nm and 400–500 nm, respectively, a decrease of 23.9%. S values significantly decreased with the increase of CDOM absorption coefficients. CDOM absorption coefficients could be more appropriately estimated from exponential model introducing the variation of S with absorption coefficients, making them useful for a remote sensing bio-optical model of Lake Taihu. DOC-specific absorption coefficient a*(λ) and the parameter M describing molecular size of the humic molecules could also be used as a proxy for the sources and types of CDOM. A general relationship was found between S and a*(λ), and M values. S increased with the decrease of DOC-specific absorption coefficient and the increase of M corresponding to the decrease of molecular weight.     

深孔预裂爆破在溢洪道高边坡开挖的应用

高边坡深孔预裂爆破是一项对施工质量、安全要求极高的爆破技术, 必须进行科学的爆破技术设计,确定合理的爆破参数;高度重视爆破钻孔工艺、装药工艺、网络工艺以及边坡稳定性地质分析.在洞巴水电站中不允许采用超欠平衡的开挖方法进行施工,利用设计台阶高度,采用深孔预裂爆破对溢洪道高边坡的稳定及开挖平整度进行有效控制,取得良好效果.     

柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造与油气聚集

柴达木盆地北缘地区油气藏严格地沿断裂展布,自北西向南东沿断裂带依次分布冷湖三号-七号油气聚集带、南八仙油气聚集带和马海油气聚集带.柴北缘地区断裂的形成与阿尔金山和祁连山在中新生代的剧烈挤压和走滑活动有关.断裂以逆断层为主,还有少量的同沉积正断层、平移断层等.断裂走向以NW向和NWW向为主,平面上呈弧形弯曲、平行、斜列、交叉展布的"S型"或"反S型"等组合类型,剖面组合样式主要有伸展构造、基底卷入型、盖层滑脱型等类型.其中,以基底卷入型和盖层滑脱型形成的构造油气藏最为发育.断裂不仅控制了生烃凹陷的展布及构造圈闭的形成,在一定程度上也控制了有利储集相带的展布.断裂活动形成的大量裂缝,改善了储层的物性条件.柴北缘地区普遍存在以断裂为油气运移通道形成的下生上储式油气藏.