严寒城市公共空间活力评价因子分析

为使严寒城市公共空间具有高活力度,根据对严寒城市典型公共空间进行的现场勘察与访问,确定28项活力影响因子.通过问卷调研获得了影响因子对人们活动影响程度的相关数据,利用因子分析对该数据进行计算,保留其中26项影响因子,并将其归类为5项活力因子,分别为自然活力因子、区位活力因子、空间活力因子、设施活力因子和文化活力因子.基于该分类,针对26项影响因子,制定了优、良、中、合格和不合格五级评价标准.分析结果表明,提升26项影响因子的活力度评价等级,有助于提高严寒城市公共空间的活力程度.     

海绵城市生物滞留设施关键技术研究进展

海绵城市生物滞留设施是适用于分散式雨水处理与利用的代表性生态技术,但目前仍旧存在一些问题制约其运行效率及寿命。综述了海绵城市建设中生物滞留设施关键技术及国内外研究进展,指出高效净化能力填料的研制、污染物迁移转化模型的建立及设计参数的优化、有机微污染物累积风险评价及修复技术的构建等将成为海绵城市生物滞留设施未来的研究热点。     

Biomic river restoration: A new focus for river management

River management based solely on physical science has proven to be unsustainable and unsuccessful, evidenced by the fact that the problems this approach intended to solve (e.g., flood hazards, water scarcity, and channel instability) have not been solved and long‐term deterioration in river environments has reduced the capacity of rivers to continue meeting the needs of society. In response, there has been a paradigm shift in management over the past few decades, towards river restoration. But the ecological, morphological, and societal benefits of river restoration have, on the whole, been disappointing. We believe that this stems from the fact that restoration overrelies on the same physical analyses and approaches, with flowing water still regarded as the universally predominant driver of channel form and structural intervention seen as essential to influencing fluvial processes. We argue that if river restoration is to reverse long‐standing declines in river functions, it is necessary to recognize the influence of biology on river forms and processes and re‐envisage what it means to restore a river. This entails shifting the focus of river restoration from designing and constructing stable channels that mimic natural forms to reconnecting streams within balanced and healthy biomes, and so levering the power of biology to influence river processes. We define this new approach as biomic river restoration.     

In‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment in riverine ecosystems

Construction activities within the wetted‐perimeter of rivers, referred to as in‐stream construction, are prevalent economically and environmentally motivated activities having direct interactions with sensitive lotic environments. Currently, there is a paucity of research related to in‐stream construction activities and their effects on aquatic ecosystems. In‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment may result in harmful effects to aquatic flora and fauna. Regulatory frameworks worldwide focus primarily on concentration, with limited consideration for duration and no consideration for spatial extents of suspended sediment exposures. This research develops theoretical concentration, duration, and spatial extent exposure risk relationships for riverine ecosystems to demonstrate the influence of each mechanism during typical in‐stream construction activities. To reduce exposure risk, concentration and duration may be considered pragmatically, based on anticipated activity characteristics and site conditions. Spatial exposure characteristics are important to consider, as illustrated by our finding that activities located near the channel centerline may result in greater exposure risk than similar activities conducted near the streambank. Current regulatory frameworks worldwide do not sufficiently consider all exposure risk mechanisms present during in‐stream construction‐induced suspended sediment releases, possibly inhibiting efforts to reduce adverse environmental effects. This research improves our understanding of suspended sediment in lotic environments and may help environmental managers better evaluate and manage in‐stream construction activities.     

海绵城市建设过程中水生态系统构建研究

本研究以连云港市徐圩新区海绵城市建设为背景,通过云湖水生态系统构建、云湖调水排盐,构建自我调节能力较强的水生态系统,有效提升云湖水质,解决快速城市化导致的城市内涝灾害、生态环境恶化等问题,实现了片区水环境改善的生态、经济和社会效应。本研究可为类似区域的海绵城市水生态系统建设实践提供参考。     

济南主城区不透水地表分布分析及其水文效应

以济南市主城区范围为研究区,通过现场调研、遥感解译和划分标记的手段获取并探究其不透水地表分布。研究发现,济南市主城区范围内绿化率达到33.9%,不透水面积占比为65.3%。采用HIMS-SWMM模型进行小时尺度径流模拟,据此探究济南市主城区范围内各行政区不透水地表格局下其径流系数的变化情况。以2016年7-8月降雨作为输入,整个研究区共降水125.23mm,下渗量为36.33mm,产生的径流量为88.9mm,整个济南市主城区总体径流系数为0.71。各用地类型的不透水面占比与径流系数有较强的线性关系,其变化分为阈值型和渐变型。对于阈值型用地类型,可进行较为集中的绿化措施或LID措施;对于渐变型用地类型,可采用放缓的逐步绿化或LID措施,在集中改善阈值型用地类型的不透水面占比的同时,辅以较小范围的改善措施,以达到较为经济有效的防止内涝目的。     

甘肃河西地区地方小吃英文译名辨析——以张掖地方小吃为例

地方小吃名称翻译的好坏不仅关系着小吃的对外推介,而且还影响着旅游城市的文化形象。然而,地处"丝绸之路"河西走廊段的千年古城张掖,其九大地方小吃名称的翻译却差强人意。结合张掖九大地方小吃命名特点,在目的论的指导下,对现有译名进行分析评判,并尝试给出参考性译名,以期引起相关部门重视,从而完善和规范小吃名称的翻译。     

丝绸之路经济带（中国段）节点城市空间差异及发展布局

“丝绸之路经济带”作为多维度的国家战略构想,是新政经周期下中国总体区域发展重大战略之一,而沿线城市点、带、群是推进该项重大战略实施的现实载体。当前,“丝绸之路经济带”战略下的城市定位,往往与区域自身发展及利益诉求并不完全吻合,亟待对区域总体特征及发展现实以理性认知,防范城市“标签化”的盲动倾向。以“丝绸之路经济带”沿线区域关键节点城市客观空间状况与基本产业布局概貌为基础,采用多层次综合测度模型定量评价各城市综合竞争力,提出采取差异化的“点-轴”式带动策略是推进经济带整体发展的建设性思路,并结合城市经济地理特征探讨节点城市未来的发展布局定位问题。     

基于结构方程模型的通勤交通方式选择

基于以往出行方式选择的相关研究中,大部分是基于个体属性对于方式选择的影响,而针对各类出行者特性与出行方式特征的关联性分析较少的情况,以拥有小汽车的中长距离通勤者为研究对象,提取相关的个体属性参数和交通方式特性参数构建结构方程模型,分析其个体属性与公交和小汽车出行特征之间的相互影响,从而探索各因素之间的关系以及对公交出行意愿的影响方向与程度.研究结果表明:个体的经济水平会对方式选择产生根本性的影响,更短的停车后步行时间、低廉的停车费用或充足的停车设施泊位供给会鼓励出行者选择自驾出行,而减少公交等车换乘时间,提高公交运行时速则会增强公交的吸引力,这对于城市中心区制定引导居民公交出行对策有一定借鉴意义.     

城市设计中的记忆追寻——2014郑州滨水新区国际联合设计工作营后的思考

《城市意象》开启了认知城市的新方式,它打破了《雅典宪章》中传统的"功能规划"思想.城市除了功能外对人有更多的意义,城市景观在城市的众多角色中,依然是人们可见、可忆、可喜的源泉.景观都市主义的兴起,改变了整个城市系统的设计理念.它把建筑与基础设施看成是景观的延续,景观系统成为整个城市的载体.进一步延续这条线索,在郑州滨水新区国际设计工作营的三个追寻城市特色的概念方案的探索中,追寻城市记忆成为又一个最重要问题.回溯记忆的源头,从江户一路发展到今天的东京能给我们带来启发.中国传统城市格局中蕴含着先人们认知、建造城市的方式,回到最初才能找到城市设计中要追寻和保留的城市记忆.