Verification of wind resource study of a Scottish region

In a survey of the practical wind energy resource present in the Tayside Region of Scotland it was estimated that over 1500 km² of land is suitable for wind energy development in the Region after consideration of a range of physical, technical and institutional factors. Wind speed data for this survey was obtained from the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) UK Wind Speed Data Package. To verify the wind speeds obtained from the ETSU package a representative sample of sites in and around the identified areas of potential in Tayside were modelled for mean annual wind speed using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WA^sP). The wind speeds for the sites obtained from the WA^sP analysis were compared with those obtained from the ETSU UK Wind Speed Data Package and conclusions drawn as to the reliability of the Tayside wind energy survey and the general applicability of the ETSU package for broad wind energy resource assessment.     

Wind energy resource assessment for five locations in Saudi Arabia

The analysis of recently collected wind data at five sites in Saudi Arabia namely, Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran is presented. The five sites represent different geographically and climatologically conditions. The data collected over a period spanned between 1995 and 2002 with different collection periods for each site. Daily, monthly and frequency profiles of the wind speed at the sites showed that Dhulum and Arar sites have higher wind energy potential with annual wind speed average of 5.7 and 5.4 m/s and speeds higher than 5 m/s for 60 and 47% of the time, respectively. The two sites are candidates for remote area wind energy applications. The costal site's, i.e. Yanbu and Dhahran wind speed data indicated that the two sites have lower annual wind speed averages and wind blows at speed higher than 5 m/s during afternoon hours. That makes the two sites candidates for grid connected wind systems for electrical load peak shaving. The data of Gassim site showed that the site has the lowest wind energy potential compared to the others. The annual energy produced by a Nordex N43 wind machine is estimated to be 1080, 990, 730, 454 and 833 MWh for Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran, respectively. The analysis showed that the estimated annual energy produced by the machine based on 10 min averaged data is 2.5% higher than the estimated energy based on 30 min averaged data.     

Simulation of the VVER-1000 pump start-up experiment of the OECD V1000CT benchmark with CATHARE and TRAC-PF1

In the framework of joint effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of OECD, the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), and the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France a coupled three-dimensional (3D) thermal-hydraulics/neutron kinetics benchmark for VVER-1000 was defined. The benchmark consists of calculation of a pump start-up experiment labelled V1000CT-1 (Phase 1), as well as a vessel mixing experiment and main steam line break (MSLB) transient labelled V1000CT-2 (Phase 2), respectively. The reference nuclear plant is Kozloduy-6 in Bulgaria. The overall objective is to assess computer codes used in the analysis of VVER-1000 reactivity transients. A specific objective is to assess the vessel mixing models used in system codes. Plant data are available for code validation consisting of one experiment of pump start-up (V1000CT-1) and one experiment of steam generator isolation (V1000CT-2). The validated codes can be used to calculate asymmetric MSLB transients involving similar mixing patterns. This paper summarizes a comparison of CATHARE and TRAC-PF1 system code results for V1000CT-1, Exercise 1, which is a full plant point kinetics simulation of a reactor coolant system (RCS) pump start-up experiment. The reference plant data include integral and sector average parameters. The comparison is made from the point of view of vessel mixing and full system simulation. CATHARE used a six-sector multiple 1D vessel thermal-hydraulic model with cross flows and TRAC used a six-sector, 18-channel coarse-mesh 3D vessel model. Good agreement in terms of integral parameters and inter-loop mixing is observed.     

浅谈湖滨带生态恢复建设工程施工监理的特点

指出湖滨带是连接湖泊水体和陆地的一个功能过渡界面区。它作为生物的重要栖息地,具有净化水质、缓解波浪等多种功能。因此,对湖滨带实行生态恢复建设,应予以高度的重视。笔者通过具体工程的实践,阐述了湖滨带生态恢复建设工程的特点、施工阶段的监理工作,以及对监理人员的素质要求,可供类似工程借鉴、参考。     

Application of condition-based HRA method for a manual actuation of the safety features in a nuclear power Plant

A practical approach to develop a more realistic fault-tree model with a consideration of various conditions endured by a human operator is proposed. In safety-critical systems, the generation failure of an actuation signal is caused by the concurrent failures of the automated systems and an operator action. These two sources of safety signals are complicatedly correlated. The failures of sensors or automated systems will cause a lack of necessary information for a human operator and result in error-forcing contexts such as the loss of corresponding alarms and indications. It is well known that the error-forcing contexts largely affect the operator's performance. An automated system which consists of multiple processing channels and complex components is also affected by the availability of the sensors. This paper proposes a condition-based human reliability assessment (CBHRA) method in order to address these complicated conditions in a practical way. We apply the CBHRA method to the manual actuation of the safety features such as a reactor trip and auxiliary feedwater actuation in Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants. Even the human error probability of each given condition is simply assumed, the application results prove that the CBHRA effectively accommodates the complicated error-forcing contexts into the fault trees.     

抚河流域水生态环境恢复措施初探

简述江西省抚河流域的概况、水生态环境的现状及存在的问题.包括淤泥的堆积、水土的流失、水污染、沿岸圩堤的防洪标准普遍偏低等.并对这些问题提出了流域水生态环境恢复的目标,针对抚河流域水生态环境的恢复目标提出了水权分配、水土保持治理、水工程治理、水质治理等方面的一系列初步的措施与建议.     

文明寨油田微生物调驱矿场试验

针对文明寨油田高温高盐的特点,引进了一种耐温耐盐的FM复合微生物菌种。室内评价表明, 该菌种适应高温高盐油层,能有效改善原油性质,代谢产物主要为有机酸、醇、气体等。矿场开展调驱 试验12井次,注入井菌浓增加2个数量级,累计增油4269t,表明该菌种适应文明寨油藏条件。     

海河流域用水平衡及生态用水保障措施探讨

从经济用水和生态用水两方面对海河流域用水平衡进行了分析,结果认为海河流域水资源短缺严重。生态用水是保证流域生态、经济可持续发展的前提和根本,但该流域生态缺水量占总生态用水量的比例都在80%以上。重点分析了农业节水对保障生态用水的贡献,现阶段海河流域农业节水总潜力为43.2亿m3。本文从农业节水的角度入手,对流域生态用水的保障措施进行了探讨,认为综合考虑流域的节水潜力和调水供水补给后,生态用水有望得到充分的保障。     

水生生物环境诊断(AOD)技术应用研究

介绍一种新型的毒性试验方法——水生生物环境诊断(AOD)技术，该方法将冷冻浓缩和生物测试技术有机地相结合，较好地解决了低毒性水体的毒性测试问题。应用本项技术以红鳍鱼为受试生物，分别对湖北武汉马伧湖、墨水湖、广东深圳河、长江干流寸滩等几个断面、丹江口水库白河、丹江河口、老灌河等不同水体进行AOD测试，所得48hr-LC\-50结果与实际水质状况基本相符。     

农业重组微生物生物安全研究进展

综述了近年来农业重组微生物的研究现状和进展 ,详细介绍农业重组微生物环境释放的监控方法以及对环境的冲击作用 ,对一些有关生物安全研究的热点问题进行了探讨