表面活性剂在特殊油藏原油开采中的一些应用

分析了稠油油藏、低渗透油藏在常规开采中存在的问题和缺陷，讨论了表面活性剂在稠油热采、稠油化学吞吐（冷采）以及低渗透油藏降压增注方面的应用，并对不同应用研究中的关键技术进行了论述。     

Rational Synthesis of Metal Nanotubes and Nanowires from Lamellar Structures

A generic method has been developed for the synthesis of crystalline metal nanowires or nanotubes (such as bismuth nanotubes, tungsten nanowires) from lamellar structures. In a typical process, lamellar surfactant/inorganic composite precursors are first prepared by reacting cationic or anionic surfactants with inorganic species under appropriate conditions. After treating these precursors by hydrothermal pyrolysis, or other processes, crystalline metallic nanotubes or nanowires are obtained.     

可与氟树脂基板相匹敌的热可塑性树脂基板材料

概述了可以与氟树脂基板相匹敌的低介质特性的热可塑性树脂基板材料的开发和应用。     

XPS studies of directly fluorinated HDPE: problems and solutions

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) applied to the study of fluorinated polymer surfaces presents several problems related both to peak assignment and to degradation. In this work, we analyse extensively the question of XPS peak assignments in this kind of surfaces. We conclude that in this kind of surfaces using binding energy differences between fluorine and carbon is better than using absolute binding energies. Also a useful relation between fluorine photoelectron energy vs. polymer composition expressed through the atomic ratio fluorine/carbon (F/C) was found. A protocol for data treatment is proposed and applied to a XPS study of the degradation induced by X-ray on high-density polyethylene surfaces modified by direct fluorination. Results obtained for the degradation, namely the atomic ratio F/C obtained by two different methods, combined with angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) were used to study the fluorine concentration profile in depth, producing self-consistent results.     

Photoresponsive peptide and polypeptide systems: part II. Photochromism of poly(l-ornithine) containing various azo-contents in side chains

Poly(L-ornithine)s having various azo-contents in the side chains were synthesized by the water-soluble carbodiimide procedure. The photochemical properties of the polypeptides poly[N^δ-p-(phenylazo)benzoyl-L-ornithine] (PPABLO) containing 3–77 mol% azobenzene were investigated by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy in hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) or water, and in HFIP-water or methanol-water solvent mixtures. The photochromism of the dichroic bands of the PPABLOs containing 20–77 mol% azobenzene in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength regions was found to be mostly reversible as a function of irradiation time at different wavelengths due to the photostationary state (above 80% trans-cis photoisomerization) of the azo aromatic moieties. The PPABLO containing 3.2 mol% azobenzene in water exhibited conformational changes from random coil to helix by the addition of methanol or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The photo-induced conformational change was observed in HFIP-water-SDS solvent mixtures, while no conformational change was seen in water and HFIP-water solvent mixtures.     

Micellar polymerisation of ionic surfactants studied by conductimetry

The micellar polymerisation of ionic surfactants such as allyldodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide and 3-dodecyl-1-vinyl imidazolium iodide has been studied by conductimetry in aqueous solution. The polymerisation was carried out using two different sources of γ rays directed into solutions of surfactant above the critical micellar concentration. Conductimetry is shown to be a very good physicochemical method for analysis of these solutions. The results showed different behaviour for the two surfactants, which has highlighted a change in the structure of their aggregates which led to the assumption of an interaction between the polymers of high mass and different products of the polymerisation (oligomers, products of degradation, monomers etc.). Ultrafiltration experiments coupled with ¹H-NMR and conductivity analysis confirm these assumptions.     

Fluorine analysis of nuclear waste glasses

A method for analyzing the fluorine content of glass using a microwave oven to digest the glass is presented. Analysis time and secondary waste generation are reduced using this method, without sacrificing accuracy.     

降凝剂对高蜡稠油的改性效果及机理研究

实验研究了工业品原油降凝剂WHP改善含蜡56.9%、其中96.6%为正构烷烃的胜利郑王庄稠油流动性的效果。WHP含乙烯/醋酸乙烯/乙烯醇嵌段聚醚三元共聚物30%-35%。在60℃将WHP加入稠油中,测定其凝点和32℃、0-42.6 s^-1范围5个剪切速率下的黏度,均随WHP加量的增加（50-300 mg/L）而降低,200 mg/L为最佳加量,在该加量下0.32 s^-1黏度由34.16 Pa·s降至79.2 mPa·s,凝点（℃）、屈服值（Pa）、稠度系数（Pa·s^n）分别由49.0、32.42、31.57降至39.5、0.1297、0.02142,流型指数由0.1176升至0.9790。由黏温曲线求出,加入200mg/L WHP使该稠油析蜡点由65℃降至58℃,反常点由70℃降至50℃。根据空白和加剂原油扫描电镜照片显示的蜡晶形态,利用共晶机理分析讨论了WHP这种高分子表面活性剂的降凝、降黏、改善流动性的作用。图3表3参5。     

高效环保型水基洗井液室内研究与性能评价

以渤海最大稠油油田SZ36-1油田的油污为研究对象,采用多种表面活性剂复配,研制了高效环保型水基洗井液;并对该洗井液的油污 清洗性能,与原油、地层水配伍性以及储层保护和环保等性能进行了系统地评价.结果表明 ,高效环保型水基洗井液对稠油油污具有良好的清洗能力;与0#柴油相比较,不仅洗井成 本低、时间短,而且还具有防腐作用和环保性能好等优点;同时,该洗井液还具有良好的配伍性和储层保护性能.     

廉价石油磺酸盐表面活性剂KPS-2的合成及性能

在室内合成出了驱油用廉价石油磺酸盐表面活性剂KPS-2,确定了KPS-2的生产工艺参数,并对产品性能进行了评价.实验表明:KPS-2/Na₂CO₃复合体系与新疆克拉玛依原油的界面张力达到了三元复合驱低界面张力的要求,且新产品KPS-2具有适应范围广,产品收率高,产品性能稳定,生产工艺简单,无酸渣,环境污染小,成本低等特点.