内蒙古中西部地区高速公路小气候特征研究

以实地观测数据为基础,分别从温度、降水、土壤水分和风速等方面分析了内蒙古中西部高速公路小气候的基本特征,总结出了内蒙古中西部高速公路小气候的几点共性规律,以期为路域工程建设和路域生态恢复提供理论基础和数据支持。     

Statistical discrimination of climate modification by urbanization

The statistical significance of observed changes in precipitation characteristics brought about by urbanization is investigated by using several statistical tests, including bivariatex ²,T ², likelihood ratio and conditional-t tests. Annual precipitation data from a number of stations in the LaPorte, St. Louis, Tulsa and Kansas City areas are analysed and the results are presented. The nature and limitations of these tests are discussed from the view points of assumptions made in the tests and the number of observations needed.     

洁净手术空间心理剖析与环境重构

根据现代医疗理论，在患者接受诊治和康复的过程中，要达到理想的医疗效果，除了要研究患者的生理特点，还必须重视医院建筑的环境质量给患者带来的心理感受。其中，手术患者的心理承受力最弱、心理需求最特殊，因此在医院洁净手术室内环境的设计中应更加注重环境心理学的因素，力求为手术患者提供一个人性化的室内环境，减轻其沉重的精神压力，更好地配合手术进程。为此，本文论述了心理环境的创造在医院洁净手术部建设中的重要性，并从三个方面对室内心理空间的营造提出了建议：1）手术的心理应激与缓解；2）空间的闭锁与开放；3）室内微气候的营造。     

Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate

This paper discusses the contribution of street design, i.e. aspect ratio (or height-to-width ratio, H/W) and solar orientation, towards the development of a comfortable microclimate at street level for pedestrians. The investigation is carried out by using the three-dimensional numerical model ENVI-met, which simulates the microclimatic changes within urban environments in a high spatial and temporal resolution. Model calculations are run for a typical summer day in Ghardaia, Algeria (32.40°N, 3.80°E, 469 m a.s.l.), a region characterized by a hot and dry climate. Symmetrical urban canyons, with various height-to-width ratios (i.e. H/W=0.5, 1, 2 and 4) and different solar orientations (i.e. E–W, N–S, NE–SW and NW–SE), have been studied. Special emphasis is placed on a human bio-meteorological assessment of these microclimates by using the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET).     

广州典型住宅小区微气候实测与分析

以广州某住宅小区为例,定点实测其中的微气候参数,如空气温度、相对湿度、黑球温度及风速等,考察人工湖、树阴以及下垫面性质等对室外热环境的影响,定量的分析景观设计因子在设计行为中的权重关系,探讨通过改变相应的因子来改良住区热环境的方法。     

冬季湿冷气候城市户外休憩的微气候适应性研究——以成都市老人为例

为探讨湿冷城市老人冬季户外活动如何适应休憩场地微气候,本研究于2016年和2017年冬季对冬季典型湿冷气候城市——成都市进行现场观察和微气候参数测量,结合TS-Givoni指标和微气候参数讨论老人户外休憩中在时间和地点等方面的微气候适应性选择。研究发现：当TS＜2.0℃时,老人无户外休憩活动,当TS值≥2.1℃时,老人户外休憩不受空间和时间限制;当2.0℃≤TS值＜2.1℃时,老人户外休憩主要适应风速和太阳辐射照度而选择休憩时间和休憩地点。研究结果可为冬季湿冷气候城市户外适老休憩空间的规划设计提供理论依据和技术参考。     

树冠透射率对微气候和建筑能耗的 综合影响

现阶段中国城镇化率已超60%,城镇建筑运行能耗约占全国能源消耗总量的16.5%。老旧小区作为城镇建筑的重要存量,推动其绿化改造对改善建筑周围微气候和降低建筑能耗具有重大意义。目前,微气候和建筑能耗的模拟仿真分别基于不同的应用软件,且进行能耗模拟时并未考虑微气候因素对建筑能耗的影响。为定量评价和预测住区绿化改造对建筑周围微气候和建筑能耗的综合影响,基于Grasshopper平台,集合了微气候软件ENVI-met和建筑能耗软件EnergyPlus的模拟计算内核,开发了一种基于单平台耦合2类性能分析算法的协同工作流。研究结果表明,改变树冠透射率可使老旧小区建筑周围局部微气候的时空分布发生明显变化,从而显著改变建筑各楼层的夏季制冷能耗需求;长沙市城镇老旧小区绿化改造宜种植树冠透射率达0.05的树种,可使住宅建筑夏季制冷能耗日降幅最高至29.49kWh。     

地下空间开发对城市微气候影响的研究初探

通过对地下空间、城市形态以及城市微气候相关研究的梳理,将地下空间对城市微气候的影响归纳为地上因素与地下因素两个方面,探讨地下空间及其要素对城市微气候影响的机理。地下因素指地下空间进行内部环境控制而直接对地面微气候造成的影响;地上因素指由于进行地下空间规划形成新的城市形态,进而对城市微气候形成影响。首先,理清影响城市微气候的地下空间的要素,并界定地下空间与城市形态研究的切入点,梳理和明确各项外部空间环境的指标;其次,指出目前该研究领域中待解决的两方面关键问题以构建地下空间开发对城市微气候影响的研究框架与路线。     

应注重混凝土结构的耐久性设计

针对现有设计规范对混凝土结构的耐久性重视不足的现状 ,在已有研究资料的基础上 ,总结出影响混凝土结构耐久性的多种因素 ,同时提出降低各因素影响的措施。希望引起设计和施工人员的重视。     

Impact of street design on urban microclimate for semi arid climate (Constantine)

Urban Planning has an immense impact on local microclimate which in turn affects the comfort and space quality within a city. The urban open spaces play an important role in creating the urban climate. The urban streets vary in geometry as defined by height/width ratio, sky view factor (SVF) and the orientation that is defined by its long axis. This directly influences the absorption and emission of incoming solar and outgoing long wave radiation which has a significant impact on the temperature variations within the street as well as the surrounding environment (Urban Heat Island).The objective of this research is to evaluate and to compare how the microclimate variation of urban street canyon can affect the built environment. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to discuss and assess the impact of the geometry on the street climate, in down town of Constantine-Algeria (semi arid climate).In order to achieve this goal, a series of site measurements, are utilised. The preliminary results strongly indicate an air temperature difference of about 3–6 ^°C between the urban street and its surrounding rural environment.