Biophysicochemical evaluation and micropropagation study of Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis for biodiesel production

The upcoming energy sources of Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis promise to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollution belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Both of them have been researched in terms of availability, cost, and biochemical parameters. The seed oils of various jatropha and castor biotypes were screened out and evaluated for their physiochemical parameters viz. oil content (34–49%), biodiesel yield (30–81%), density (0.875–0.971 g/cm³), viscosity (0.6032–2.004 mm³/s), iodine value (75–450.45 mg/g), free fatty acid value (0.986–3.400 mg/g), saponification value (59.29–93.79 mg/g), flash point (133–218°C), fire point (163–262°C), fatty acid composition, and ash content (0.065–0.398%), and were estimated for comparison between jatropha and castor biotypes. Various combinations of auxins with cytokinins were used for a regeneration study. The best shoot regeneration (70%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 ppm) and BAP (2.5 ppm). Root induction (95%) was successfully obtained in plane MS. Acclimatization and hardening was quite successful with a survival rate of 70%.     

正渗透汲取液的研究进展

正渗透是以膜两侧汲取液和原料液之间的渗透压差为驱动力,使水从原料液(较低渗透压)一侧自发传递到汲取液(较高渗透压)一侧的膜分离技术。汲取液是影响正渗透分离性能的重要因素之一,然而目前使用的大多数汲取液面临反向溶质渗透严重和再生能耗高的问题,这导致了正渗透性能的显著下降。简要介绍了近几年国内外主要研究的新型汲取液,分析总结了不同汲取液的优点及其应用范围。     

In situ-forming injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine involves interdisciplinary biomimetic approaches for cell therapy and tissue regeneration, employing the triad of cells, signals, and/or scaffolds. Remarkably, the field of therapeutic cells has evolved from the use of embryonic and adult stem cells to the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. For application of these cells in regenerative medicine, cell fate needs to be carefully controlled via external signals, such as the physical properties of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) and biologically active molecules in the form of small molecules, peptides, and proteins. It is therefore crucial to develop biomimetic scaffolds, reflecting the nanoenvironment of three-dimensional (3D) ECM in the body. Here, we describe in situ-forming injectable hydrogel systems, prepared using a variety of chemical crosslinkers and/or physical interactions, for application in regenerative medicine. Selective and fast chemical reactions under physiological conditions are prerequisites for in situ formation of injectable hydrogels. These hydrogels are attractive for regenerative medicine because of their ease of administration, facile encapsulation of cells and biomolecules without severe toxic effects, minimally invasive treatment, and possibly enhanced patient compliance. Recently, the Michael addition reaction between thiol and vinyl groups, the click reaction between bis(yne) molecules and multiarm azides, and the Schiff base reaction have been investigated for generation of injectable hydrogels, due to the high selectivity and biocompatibility of these reactions. Noncovalent physical interactions have also been proposed as crosslinking mechanisms for in situ forming injectable hydrogels. Hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, stereocomplex formation, complementary pair formation, and host–guest interactions drive the formation of 3D polymeric networks. In particular, supramolecular hydrogels have been developed using the host–guest chemistry of cyclodextrin (CD) and cucurbituril (CB), which allows highly selective, simple, and biocompatible crosslinking. Molecular recognition and complex formation of supramolecules, without the need for additional additives, have been successfully applied to the 3D network formation of polymer chains. Finally, we review the current state of the art of injectable hydrogel systems for application in regenerative medicine, including cell therapy and tissue regeneration.     

Nanosensors for Continuous and Noninvasive Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation

Assessing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation status is crucial to verify therapeutic efficacy and optimize treatment procedures. Currently, this involves destructive methods including antibody‐based protein detection and polymerase chain reaction gene analysis, or laborious and technically challenging genetic reporters. Development of noninvasive methods for real‐time differentiation status assessment can greatly benefit MSC‐based therapies. This report introduces a nanoparticle‐based sensing platform that encapsulates two molecular beacon (MB) probes within the same biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. One MB targets housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an internal reference, while another detects alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a functional biomarker. Following internalization, MBs are gradually released as the nanoparticle degrades. GAPDH MBs provide a stable reference signal throughout the monitoring period (18 days) regardless of differentiation induction. Meanwhile, ALP mRNA undergoes well‐defined dynamics with peak expression observed during early stages of osteogenic differentiation. By normalizing ALP‐MB signal with GAPDH‐MB, changes in ALP expression can be monitored, to noninvasively validate osteogenic differentiation. As proof‐of‐concept, a dual‐colored nanosensor is applied to validate MSC osteogenesis on 2D culture and polycaprolactone films containing osteo‐inductive tricalcium phospate.     

加氢催化剂RSDS-21/RSDS-22的器外再生和重生及应用

介绍中化弘润石油化工有限公司600 kt/a催化汽油加氢装置加氢催化剂RSDS-21,RSDS-22首次进行反应器外再生、重生及工业应用情况。经过器外烧炭再生及重生后,RSDS-21中碳质量分数由4.21%下降至0.52%,硫质量分数由5.60%下降至0.51%;RSDS-22中碳质量分数由4.90%下降至0.55%,硫质量分数由5.20%下降至0.84%,重生后催化剂颗粒完整。各项开工数据表明,经过硫化处理后,催化剂活性恢复较好,基本达到装置初次开工时催化剂活性水平,各项产品指标达到国标要求。反应在低温状态下进行,有利于降低产品汽油辛烷值损失,延长催化剂使用寿命。此次催化剂再生、重生效果较好,达到生产要求。     

Soft-selling gentrification?

This paper explores the rhetoric and reality of regeneration. It looks at wider issues through an examination of ongoing changes in Dundee, using a mixture of participant action research and a critical analysis of government documents and of previous policy-related research. These are combined to show how public debate is being dominated by a political spin that allows gentrifying policies to be portrayed as logical and progressive development.     

自主创新喷雾焙烧法不锈钢混酸再生机组的中试应用

喷雾焙烧法是针对不锈钢混酸废液的全酸回收工艺方法,不仅可以实现废酸中游离酸的回收,还可以实现化合酸及金属元素的回收。针对青拓集团福建鼎信科技有限公司不锈钢混酸废液再生中试项目,介绍了喷雾焙烧法不锈钢混酸再生机组的技术方案、运行指标,并与引进机组进行了主要技术经济指标对比分析,各项指标均达到或超过了国外同类机组水平。同时,对该技术的进一步研究方向进行了展望。     

沥青热再生在高速公路中的应用

随着经济的发,公路养护事业的迅速发展,目前已进入大规模的维修养护阶段.传统的铣刨重铺等养护方式,通常会耗费很多的砂石、以及沥青材料,浪费大量的建设资金,同时废弃的混合料可能会对周围的生态环境产生严重的影响.沥青路面再生技术作为一种资源循环利用技术,是我国公路建设可持续发展的必由之路.本文以具体的热再生试验为基础,为沥青热再生技术在高速公路中的应用提供了可供参考的经验.     

Peter Hall's planning history

Sir Peter Hall passed away at the age of 82 in July 2014. As a leading figure in the fields of planning, geography, urban regeneration, regional studies and transportation, numerous tributes and obituaries have already been published. In this memoir, Associate Editor Rob Freestone draws from his essay in the 2014 book which he co-edited with Mark Tewdwr-Jones and Nicholas Phelps, entitled The Planning Imagination: Peter Hall and the Study of Urban and Regional Planning (2014), to reflect on Peter's approach and contributions to the study of planning history.