城乡规划管理中“阳光权”法律属性的二重性辨析——兼与周剑云先生商榷

根据物权法定原则,认为,"阳光权"的法律属性具有二重性:国家规定的建筑日照标准,属于所有权中相邻权的范畴,是规划管理必须满足的法定义务,且该义务具有不可交易性;而高于国家标准的日照要求,则属于用益物权中地役权的范畴,该权利可以进行交易。在规划管理实践中要特别注意区分"阳光权"法律属性的二重性。根据"有权力就必有救济"的法治原则及现行法律,明确了阳光权纠纷的行政可诉性。     

建筑与古树

阐述了飞速发展中的上海城市建筑对古树名木的危害及采取补救措施后的几个成功实例。     

某阳光篷屋顶玻璃开裂破碎原因分析

对某阳光篷屋顶玻璃开裂破碎原因进行了分析 ,从严格规范要求、更换已开裂的玻璃等方面 ,介绍了所采取的处理措施 ,提出了今后设计与施工应注意的事项 ,以达到消除类似质量问题的目的     

A mini-scale modeling approach to natural daylight utilization in building design

This paper purposes on shading devices as natural daylight utilization component for building design. It was proved that a proper setting for shading device could conspicuously promote the room lighting performance. Natural daylight which includes directional sunlight, diffused skylight and reflected light can also exert as a perspective of energy conservation in buildings. In order to verify a simple approach can also be workable, a mini-scale model (1:20) is employed in this study. It reveals that when a suitable altitude and azimuth is maintained, in regards to the vertical shading device and the sun position, not only is shading achieved, but the area of the daylight zone can also be substantially increased. The experiment investigated and analyzed the details of this modeling data and subsequently proposed relevant design criterion for vertical shading devices that both users and designers can apply. Namely, it proved that a mini-scale model could also assist in natural daylight utilization and building energy-conservation design.     

阳光权法律二重性在城乡规划管理中的界定

从《物权法》出发,讨论了阳光权的相邻权和地役权法律二重性在城乡规划管理中的界定。通过逻辑分析、实证分析及比较研究,指出日照标准只有下限没有上限,无法对二重性进行有效界定;政府行政自由裁量缺乏上限,受到广泛质疑;法院对阳光权的行政程序判决无助于二重性的实体界定;城乡规划实质界定了二重性,但其法律效力存疑。提出二重性界定不但要注重分界点,还要从三个方面入手共同操作:市民以事实相邻关系作为阳光权的相邻权的上限,通过民主参与和司法诉讼影响二重性界定;政府应当在控制性详细规划编制中以现实相邻关系为下限、规划相邻关系为上限,在此范围内的自由裁量推定有效;法院依据衡平原则对阳光权进行最终判决,实质决定二重性的界定。     

阳光背景下小口径激光引信探测性能研究

为了研究阳光辐射对小口径激光引信探测性能的影响,结合大气阳光辐射传输理论和噪声产生机理,建立了光电探测器表面阳光辐射功率模型和系统信噪比模型;分析了激光探测装置和探测目标不同空间位置以及系统带宽对系统性能的影响;结果表明：探测目标与探测装置的空间位置对系统探测性能具有不同的影响：系统信噪比随着接收装置表面倾斜角θ增大而增强,当θ＜0．4 rad时,系统信噪比SNR＜5;当探测距离大于10 m时,信噪比基本为0,激光探测系统失效;目标表面倾斜角γ越小对系统的影响越大,当γ＝0．6 rad时,系统最大信噪比仅为12;选取合适的接收系统带宽对激光引信抗阳光干扰和信号接收有着重要的作用;该结果为提高系统探测性能提供了一定的依据。     

基于不同阳光背景的激光告警概率曲线研究

为了对复杂背景光条件下激光告警设备进行效能评估,基于不同阳光背景开展了激光告警概率曲线的相关研究。首先,对激光告警设备面临的复杂背景光进行了分析;其次,通过理论研究和实验验证,初步获得了激光告警设备在不同强度阳光背景下告警概率曲线变化规律;最后,提出了一种由典型阳光背景下告警概率曲线测试结果推算到不同阳光背景下告警概率曲线的方法。结果表明,阳光背景辐射严重影响着激光告警设备的性能,告警阈值随着阳光辐照强度的增加而增加,告警灵敏度下降。此研究结果有助于进一步提高激光告警设备评估能力。     

Interpenetrating polymer networks. II. Sunlight-induced polymerization of multifunctional acrylates

Protective coatings and glass laminates have been readily obtained by sunlight-curing of acrylate monomers dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix or in a styrene–butadiene rubber, in the presence of an acylphosphine oxide photoinitiator. The polymerization reaction was followed by infrared spectroscopy and by gel fraction measurements and was shown to proceed extensively within minutes. As expected, the inhibitory effect of atmospheric O₂ on such radical-initiated reactions was less pronounced in solid than in liquid samples. The monomer, photoinitiator, and plasticizer concentrations were found to have a strong influence on the rate of polymerization, the final degree of conversion, and the hardness of the sun-cured polymer. The adhesion of the cured coating on glass was substantially improved by the addition of an acrylate-grafted organosol silica. To produce strongly adhesive glass laminates, a photocurable acrylate resin was poured between two coated glass plates and exposed to sunlight for a few seconds. The same formulation can serve as a light-sensitive quick setting glue to bond glass to a variety of materials [polycarbonates, poly(vinyl chloride), aluminium, and steel]. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2269–2282, 1998     

中日住宅日照规定体系比较

简要介绍了中国、日本日照规定体系,并通过技术规定、法律法规、程序三个方面对比,说明日本日照规定体系具有相邻权益的注重和对其保护的完备以及细致详尽的日照规定、有效的法理支持和完备的系统体系等特点,对我国解决当前日照问题具有借鉴意义.     

大功率LED对水生动植物生长的影响

为探究光照条件对水生动植物的影响,基于水生动植物是在全谱太阳光下进化、生长,选择性接收各种平衡光质的事实,进行了单色LED光源对水生植物和水生动物影响,以及紫外线对藻类栖息影响的实验。通过实验得到了LED水族照明灯具的设计参数。