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71.
中国城市土地利用结构优化研究述评 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
城市土地利用结构的确定和优化是城市总体规划的核心内容,从土地使用制度变迁,学科交叉,数理模型方法三方面回顾了中国城市土地利用结构优化研究的发展历程,分析了中国城市土地利用结构优化研究的新气象。在此基础上,指出当前研究工作的不足和问题,并提出未来研究的方向。 相似文献
72.
介绍了滨水区的含义和主要特点,重点阐述了滨水区城市设计的基本模式,并通过对国外两个实例的分析,为我国城市滨水区的设计提供一些理论指导,从而促进城市滨水区的发展。 相似文献
73.
水保种草有山地治理、改土开发、松林改造、封禁培育四种类型,是水土保持主要植物措施之一,见效快,效果好,效益显著。要提高认识,建立基地。做好草的转化利用. 相似文献
74.
75.
Marielle Montginoul 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(5):861-871
This paper presents the results of a 2003 national survey of urban water pricing structure implemented by 429 district level
water utilities. After providing some background elements on the diversity of existing water pricing structures, the paper
shows how each structure can be used to achieve different management objectives (water allocation efficiency, costs recovery,
and equity). It then describes the structures adopted by French water utilities, showing that flat rate are rarely adopted;
declining blocks frequently used; and increasing blocks pricing which should be used to promote water use efficiency remain
extremely rare. A statistical clustering is then conducted and a typology of situations elaborated. The paper concludes with
highlighting that current pricing structures are influenced by past practices and that the dominant objective of water utilities
is to cover costs. 相似文献
76.
Digital Yellow River Model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Soil erosion is one of the key concerns in land use management for the Loess Plateau of the Yellow River, where serious soil loss is the root cause of environmental and ecological degradation of the basin. In this paper, a physically-based, distributed-parameter, and continuous erosion prediction model at the river basin scale was developed with the aim of assisting in developing better land use management strategies. The framework, the major supporting techniques, and the typical erosion processes are described. The physical processes of sediment yield and transport in the Loess Plateau are divided into three sub-processes, including the runoff and sediment yield on hillslopes, gravitational erosion in gullies, and hyperconcentrated flow routing in channels. For each sub-process, a physically-based simulation model was developed and embedded into the whole model system. The model system was applied to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in several typical years in the coarse sediment source area of the Loess Plateau, and the simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the measured values. 相似文献
77.
A. Rabl 《Energy Economics》1985,7(4):259-264
The decision to invest in energy conservation must be made in the face of uncertainty: future energy prices and the magnitude of energy savings are uncertain. Since once does not know the optimal investment level in advance, one will incur cost penalties due to misoptimization. To analyse the cost penalties it is convenient to focus on the ratio of the life cycle costs that one pays and the life cycle costs one would have paid with an optimal investment level. Two models are used to evaluate this ratio: a model for conductive heat flow through a layer of insulation, and an exponential curve fit to a large number of residential energy conservation cost data. Plotting the life cycle cost ratio versus the ration of actual and guessed energy expenditures shows the effect both of price uncertainties and of uncertainties in the performance of conservation measures. The graph can also be used to evaluate the cost to society due to the mismatch between individual and social perspectives. The curve turns out to have a broad optimum, and penalties due to misoptimization are fairly small in most cases. With these models one can also calculate the long-term price elasticity of energy demand for rational consumers. It turns out to be -0.5 in the insulation model and -1.0 in the exponential model. 相似文献
78.
79.
为提高低效率油井的系统效率,采油厂开展了对稠油低冲次油井节能技术改造,推广应用DCJ油井专用小功率拖动节能装置。对DCJ油井专用小功率拖动节能装置的结构组成和特点、现场节能技术改造情况及应用效果作了介绍和分析,为油田节能降耗工作提供了有益经验。 相似文献
80.
用环境水利理念和方法建设富锦市城市防洪工程 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文结合富锦市城区堤防建设论述了城市防洪建设应从单一防洪目标逐步过渡到区域性多目标治理。以水利工 程为载体,推动促进环境的改善,实现防洪、水资源、生态环境以及城市景观建设的协调统一。 相似文献