不同煤层倾角开采地表下沉规律的模型试验研究

设计了基于煤层倾角变化的相似材料模型试验,以工业近景摄影测量系统为观测手段,对所获得的数据进行处理,得出不同倾角模型地表的下沉曲线。分析了随着煤层倾角的变化地表下沉曲线形态的差异性,并基于概率积分法对预计模型进行修改,通过MATLAB软件进行函数拟合,得出缓倾斜煤层与急倾斜煤层开采地表预计都适合的预计函数数学模型。     

符山铁矿尾矿库民采空区治理技术研究

采空区治理在预防矿山地质灾害中具有非常重要的地位。为了确保符山铁矿尾矿库的安全稳定运行,针对某民采铁矿采空区进行了三维激光探测,对采空区的稳定性及冒落后果进行了分析,提出了综合的治理方案。治理方案实施后,消除了井下民采空区重大安全隐患,保证了尾矿库安全稳定及矿山的正常生产,可为其他矿山采空区治理提供参考。     

嵩山一矿东风井10kV电源线路杆位调整

文章结合河南永华能源有限公司嵩山一矿东风井10kV电源线路的设计案例,针对线路经过该煤矿采空区、存在供电安全隐患的实际情况,通过几种不同调整方案的对比分析,采用线路上拔校验的方法,简要阐述了线路路径经过煤矿沉降区时杆位调整的合理方案及措施,并在最后给出了几点建议。     

某岩溶塌陷成因分析及危险性预测

岩溶塌陷具有分布广、发生频繁、产生条件复杂、预测困难、作用因素众多、形成机制的多样性、多变性和复杂性以及灾后治理费用昂贵等特征。对研究区岩溶塌陷的成因进行了分析,确定了岩溶条件、地下水条件、地形地貌条件、覆盖层条件、人类工程活动这5个塌陷因子,通过模糊综合分析法,利用excel算法对模糊综合分析法权重进行便捷计算,实现了对研究区岩溶塌陷的危险性分区,对岩溶塌陷危险性进行了评价。     

Use of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages in Germany

In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.     

Investigations on longwall mining subsidence impacts on Pennsylvania highway alignments

Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively; Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°; and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.     

CAN总线在采矿塌陷区大型厂房监测系统中的应用

针对采矿塌陷区上建现代大型单层厂房、温室急需进行监测的要求,采用基于CAN总线技术的检测系统方案,通过单片机系统完成沉降数据的采集,实现智能节点的设计。同时采用CAN总线技术,实现数据的实时可靠的传输。再将数据直接传给计算机,进行数据集中分析处理。通过VB制作的监控管理软件,实现温度的查询与实时显示。以唐山马家沟矿区波及区上建设的凤凰花卉温室大棚为对象进行的监测试验表明,该地区塌陷明显,7个月的沉陷达到了几十毫米,最大点可以达到83 mm。本系统改变了传统集散控制系统的检测方式,节省了人力物力,并可以实现实时可靠的检测。     

破碎矿岩预应力全长锚固数值分析

中色集团卢安夏铜业公司巴鲁巴铜矿下盘凿岩巷道矿岩破碎,易风化垮塌,遇水易泥化崩解。普通注浆锚杆无法满足此处巷道稳固性要求,考虑使用预应力锚杆,给围岩提供主动支护。利用FLAC^3D软件对开挖和支护过程进行模拟。分析并比较了全长锚固的预应力注浆锚杆和普通注浆锚杆在控制巷道变形中的不同力学原理。模拟显示,预应力注浆锚杆能够减少巷道顶板沉降量达10 mm以上,相比普通注浆锚杆,提高了近2倍。因此,在矿岩破碎带,采用预应力注浆锚杆维护巷道稳定性是有效的也是必要的。为了达到更好的支护效果,还需对巷道顶板和边墙喷射混凝土,形成喷锚联合支护。     

跳采充填采煤法在村庄下采煤的应用

为了解放村庄下煤炭资源,综合条带法、充填法、跳采法的技术优点,提出采用超高水材料作为充填物,并将工作面划分成若干条带进行跳采充填。以邯郸矿区某矿为例,研究了地表移动变形规律。观测结果表明:采用该方法在平均埋深340m,采高为4m的近水平煤层开采时,地表最大下沉值为1174mm,减沉率约为61.5%,最大倾斜变形为10.6mm/m,最大曲率变形为-0.28mm/m2,采出率为89.2%,且下沉盆地范围明显减小;如果调整跳采顺序,使得地表最大变形区域人为可控,有效地保护了地表重要的建(构)筑物。该方法用于控制地表沉陷效果明显,为"三下"采煤工作提供了一种行之有效的新方法。     

Numerical analysis of surface subsidence in asymmetric parallel highway tunnels

Tunnelling related hazards are very common in the Himalayan terrain and a number of such instances have been reported. Several twin tunnels are being planned for transportation purposes which will require good understanding for prediction of tunnel deformation and surface settlement during the engineering life of the structure. The deformational behaviour, design of sequential excavation and support of any jointed rock mass are challenging during underground construction. We have raised several commonly assumed issues while performing stability analysis of underground opening at shallow depth. For this purpose, Kainchi-mod Nerchowck twin tunnels (Himachal Pradesh, India) are taken for in-depth analysis of the stability of two asymmetric tunnels to address the influence of topography, twin tunnel dimension and geometry. The host rock encountered during excavation is composed mainly of moderately to highly jointed grey sandstone, maroon sandstone and siltstones. In contrast to equidimensional tunnels where the maximum subsidence is observed vertically above the centreline of the tunnel, the result from the present study shows shifting of the maximum subsidence away from the tunnel centreline. The maximum subsidence of 0.99 mm is observed at 4.54 m left to the escape tunnel centreline whereas the maximum subsidence of 3.14 mm is observed at 8.89 m right to the main tunnel centreline. This shifting clearly indicates the influence of undulating topography and in-equidimensional noncircular tunnel.