超细镍粉在不同分散体系中分散性能的研究

通过对Zeta电位及浊度的测量,表征了镍粉在PVP-水-乙醇及酒石酸钠-水体系中的分散性能.结果表明,镍粉在两种体系中皆具有良好的分散效果.     

杏浆酶解工艺的研究

采用果胶酶制剂酶解杏浆制取混浊杏汁，研究了不同酶处理条件对杏浆酶解的效果。结果表明：最佳酶处理条件为在52℃下水解120min，果胶酶制剂用量为0．01g/L，制取得到的杏汁的浊度和混浊稳定性有显著的提高。酶解后的杏汁色泽光亮，清爽可口，保留杏原有的浓郁风味和清香味。     

MODELLING OF DRYING IN ORDER TO IMPROVE PROCESSING QUALITY OF MAIZE

Maize is the second largest agricultural produce in France. To be acceptable on national and foreign markets, it must preserve its physico-chemical properties during the drying process that occurs after harvesting, specially the wet-milling quality which is measured, in our case, by the "Turbidity Test". We have tried to make a dynamic model which could simulate all transitory phenomena observed in a real industrial dryer (tempering, condensation) and to predict its quality performance. This dryer conception tool, based on a simple compartmental analysis is useful for fast computations. This concept is described and compared with the experimental results     

The Study on the Ceramic Membrane Wastewater Reuse System with Pre-Ozonation and Coagulation

A new wastewater reuse system using ozonation, coagulation and MF ceramic membrane (0.1 μm) filtration was developed. The testing was performed using secondary effluent treated at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tokyo, Japan. The volume of treated water by the pilot study equipment is about 90 m³/day. The combination of pre-ozonation and coagulation processes achieves continuous stable membrane filtration with flux of 4m³/m²/day (167 LMH). A stable membrane filtration could be maintained by controlling ozone dosing rate depending on secondary effluent (raw water) quality fluctuation. The COD (Mn) removal ratio in raw water was 50 to 60%, and the color removal ratio satisfied 80% or higher. The quality of the treated water that was obtained from our pilot study was better than the California's standards.     

Heatwaves and storms contribute to degraded water quality conditions in the nearshore of Lake Ontario

As extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves and storms, become more frequent in response to changing climates, understanding the role climatic events play on water quality is essential. Here, we use water quality monitoring data collected from the nearshore of Lake Ontario between 2000 and 2018 to ask: i) which sites in the nearshore of Lake Ontario have statistically extreme water quality conditions?; ii) do water quality conditions differ in extreme versus non-extreme climate years?; and iii) what are the significant antecedent extreme weather drivers of water quality in the nearshore of Lake Ontario? Three sites with the highest chlorophyll a concentrations and eutrophic conditions, two of which are in Areas of Concern, exhibited the strongest responses to climate extremes. Antecedent weather conditions explained 87.2% of the variation in extreme chlorophyll a concentrations. In particular, warmer temperatures and heatwaves corresponded with statistical extremes in chlorophyll a concentrations. Precipitation accounted for 35.5% of the variation in extreme conditions of turbidity, including storm events the day prior to sampling. When considering site-specific extreme conditions, antecedent weather conditions explained 66.8% of the variation in turbidity. We illustrate the strong role that heatwaves and storm events play on spatial and temporal patterns in extreme water quality conditions, highlighting the importance of incorporating climate change adaptation plans into ecosystem management strategies to preserve water quality in the highly important and iconic nearshore regions of the Laurentian Great Lakes.     

核电站大修卸料前反应堆水池水质浑浊原因分析

介绍了某核电站大修卸料前反应堆水池浑浊事件,从反应堆水池浑浊前操作、引起水质浑浊的物质来源、污染过程等方面对浑浊原因进行了分析,介绍了处理措施。     

白音查干凹陷桑合油田下白垩统都红木组沉积相特征

根据录井、岩芯、电测、地震等资料,应用沉积学、地震、测井等沉积相划分标志,研究了白音查干凹陷桑合油田下白垩统都红木组沉积相类型和沉积特征,以及都红木组沉积相分布规律。结果表明,都红木组发育湖泊以及冲积扇相两种沉积相。从盆地边缘到盆地中心,沉积相由扇三角洲沉积渐变为半深湖-深湖相沉积。扇三角洲前缘亚相带仍然是油气聚集的重要相带,而与断层相关的前缘近岸浊积扇是岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标。     

The complexity of protein haze formation in wines

The mechanism responsible for protein haze formation in wines remains essentially to be elucidated. Current knowledge suggests the absolute requirement of one or more as yet unknown non-proteinaceous wine components (termed the X factor) for protein precipitation in wines. Using the single grape variety Arinto wine, naturally containing 280 mg protein/l, a series of heat stability tests were performed over a range of wine-relevant pH values (from 2.8 to 3.8). The results obtained indicate the existence of at least two different mechanisms responsible for the heat-induced precipitation of the Arinto wine proteins: one occurring only at the higher pH values, that appears to result from isoelectric precipitation of the proteins; another prevailing at the lower pH values, but possibly operating also at other pH values, that depends on the presence of the X factor. Therefore, conclusive evidence is provided for the existence of the X factor, here defined as one or more low molecular mass wine components that sensitise proteins for heat-induced denaturation at low wine pH values and whose presence is a pre-requisite for the precipitation of proteins in wines under these circumstances. The chemical nature of protein aggregation was further analysed as a function of pH. Neither of the two proposed mechanisms responsible for the heat-induced precipitation of the wine proteins is electrostatic in nature, lectin-mediated or divalent cation-dependent. Both mechanisms show minimum turbidity at pH 7, but increased turbidity towards lower and higher pH values.     

聚合氯化铝聚丙烯酰胺絮凝效果分析与优化

聚合氯化铝作为烟气脱硫污水处理的主要絮凝剂,在应用过程中存在用量大、成本高等问题。采用分光光度法和化学滴定法,通过观察污水的清澈度和测定污水中污染物的质量浓度,研究了聚合氯化铝、不同相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺以及二者复配用于催化裂化装置烟气脱硫污水的絮凝效果。结果表明,聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复配使用的絮凝效果优于二者单独使用的絮凝效果,且聚丙烯酰胺的相对分子质量越大,其絮凝效果越好。同时分析和优化了絮凝剂质量浓度、污水pH和搅拌时间等因素对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,在pH为7~8、搅拌时间为4~6 min的条件下,30 mg/L聚合氯化铝和1.0 mg/L超高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺复配,对催化裂化烟气脱硫污水的絮凝效果最好,该研究结果也为日后污水处理的成本优化打下了坚实基础。     

Water Quality Improvements with the Use of Ozone at the Los Angeles Water Treatment Plant

At 600 mgd (2,270 ML/day), the recently completed Los Angeles Aqueduct Filtration Plant (LAAFP) is one of the world's largest water' treatment facilities utilizing ozone for pretreatment. The treatment process features direct filtration at rates of up to 13.5 gpm/ft² (33 m/h). Under the optimized full-scale operation, preozonation has resulted in significantly reduced THM levels and very low effluent turbidity with low operating costs.