我国铝土矿资源综合分析

综合分析了我国铝土矿资源分布格局、矿床特征和矿石特点及其对氧化铝工业的决定性制约作用,为我国铝工业"十·五"及其远景规划提供资源基础资料与建议.     

Long-lasting photoluminescence quantum yield of cesium lead halide perovskite-type quantum dots

Cesium lead halide perovskite(CsPbX₃,X=Cl,Br,I)quantum dots(QDs)and their partly Mn²⁺-substituted QDs(CsPb1–xMnxX3)attract considerable attention owing to their unique photoluminescence(PL)efficiencies.The two types of QDs,having different PL decay dynamics,needed to be further investigated in a form of aggregates to understand their solid-state-induced exciton dynamics in conjunction with their behaviors upon degradation to achieve practical applications of those promising QDs.However,thus far,these QDs have not been sufficiently investigated to obtain deep insights related to the long-term stability of their PL properties as aggregated solid-states.Therefore,in this study,we comparatively examined CsPbX₃-and CsPb1–xMnxX₃-type QDs stocked for>50 d under dark ambient conditions by using excitation wavelength-dependent PL quantum yield and time-resolved PL spectroscopy.These investigations were performed with powder samples in addition to solutions to determine the influence of the inter-QD interaction of the aged QD aggregates on their radiative decays.It turns out that the Mn²⁺-substituted QDs exhibited long-lasting PL quantum efficiencies,while the unsubstituted CsPbX₃-type QDs exhibited a drastic reduction of their PL efficiencies.And the obtained PL traces were clearly sensitive to the sample status.This is discussed with the possible interaction depending on the size and distance of the QD aggregates.     

440 t/h燃煤锅炉低氮燃烧模式下水冷壁高温腐蚀分析

分别采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射光谱、电镜扫描和能谱分析等方法,对某440 t/h燃煤锅炉下层燃烧器附近水冷壁区域收集的腐蚀层进行详细表征,分析并讨论腐蚀产物的形成和痕量元素富集特点。结果表明：腐蚀内层主要含有FeS₂、Fe₂O₃、PbS和ZnS,但Pb比Zn富集程度高;腐蚀外层以ZnS、PbS、GaS、Fe_1-xS和Zn_1.0Al_1.04S_2.13为主,还含有少量Ga、Se、Bi等元素,但Zn与Ga元素富集程度显著高于内层;腐蚀层中Pb、Zn、Ga、Se、Ge、As、Bi、Th、Sn、Sb等元素主要通过气化-冷凝和黏附的未燃尽碳颗粒释放析出的方式到达管壁,部分元素仍存在二次气化现象并扩散至腐蚀层深处,以进一步增大腐蚀裂纹尺度。基体铁的氧化和硫化反应同时发生并相互竞争,靠近基体侧腐蚀层先发生裂缝后逐渐开始破碎。黄铁矿向外转移中会释放气态硫并生成多种晶型的磁黄铁矿,这说明气态硫在腐蚀过程中扮演重要作用。此外,沉积层中微细颗粒和气态痕量元素可能会向基体侧移动与扩散渗透,增加腐蚀内部应力进而加剧腐蚀。     

Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles

Subchronic intoxication was induced in outbred male rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections with lead oxide (PbO) and/or cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) 3 times a week during 6 weeks for the purpose of examining its effects on the contractile characteristics of isolated right ventricle trabeculae and papillary muscles in isometric and afterload contractions. Isolated and combined intoxication with these NPs was observed to reduce the mechanical work produced by both types of myocardial preparation. Using the in vitro motility assay, we showed that the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments drops under both isolated and combined intoxication with CdO–NP and PbO–NP. These results correlate with a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms towards slowly cycling β–MHC. The type of CdO–NP + PbO–NP combined cardiotoxicity depends on the effect of the toxic impact, the extent of this effect, the ratio of toxicant doses, and the degree of stretching of cardiomyocytes and muscle type studied. Some indices of combined Pb–NP and CdO–NP cardiotoxicity and general toxicity (genotoxicity included) became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex.     

掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极的制备及性能研究

主要研究了不锈钢/PbO₂电极和掺杂的不锈钢/Fe-PbO₂电极的制备,用其对有机废水的处理效果及影响因素来评价该电极的性能。实验结果表明:采用恒流阳极电沉积技术制备的PbO₂电极,掺杂和不掺杂铁的电极主要成分都是β-PbO₂;两电极外观都没有明显的裂纹等缺陷,掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒大小镶嵌,很好地清除了内应力,保证了基材与镀层不易脱落,未掺杂铁的二氧化铅镀层颗粒细小、均匀,内应力有些大;将Fe（NO₃）₂添加至电沉积溶液中,致使PbO₂电沉积层的析氧电位向正方向移动,改善了PbO₂电极的电催化活性,以至于更有利于氧化降解有机物。用改性的Fe-PbO₂电极和常规的PbO₂电极分别降解初始浓度相同的邻苯二酚和苯酚有机物废水,改性的Fe-PbO₂电极对苯酚和邻苯二酚的去除率均高于常规的PbO₂电极。掺杂铁的二氧化铅电极较未掺杂电极有更好的电催化活性,更高的析氧电位,更适宜于用作电催化阳极。     

矿床技术经济评价

简要介绍了矿床技术经济评价中的评价阶段及条件。论述了评价的原则、方法和要素。指出在技术经济评价中 ,地勘费是否计入投资 ,对评价的结果影响甚大     

赣西浒坑钨矿床成矿岩体的磷灰石和锆石微量元素特征及其对成岩成矿的指示

赣西地区浒坑钨矿是我国华南钨、锡、铜多金属成矿区与中生代岩浆活动密切相关的典型矿床之一。对浒坑钨矿床中与成矿有关的白云母花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、磷灰石和锆石原位微量元素研究,结果表明：赋矿白云母花岗岩的成岩时代为（152.3±1.73）Ma;磷灰石具有特殊的“M”型REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式,富F和Mn,贫Cl和Mg;锆石具有高Th/U比值,REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式亏损LREE、富集HREE。锆石微量元素（Ce、U和Ti）温度计和氧逸度计结果表明,锆石形成于岩浆早期高温（800 ℃）和低氧逸度条件下。研究认为,浒坑赋矿花岗岩在演化初期经历了强烈的矿物结晶分异,矿床的形成可能与还原性高分异岩浆演化相关。     

废铅膏湿法脱硫工艺和利用技术研究进展

总结了近年来国内外废铅蓄电池回收的工艺特点,重点对铅膏湿法脱硫工艺及利用技术进行了综述,整体分为固-液、固-固两大脱硫技术体系,对比分析了现有技术特色与不足;从湿法预脱硫反应机理及其模型评述了湿法脱硫工艺的关键控制因素,探讨了脱硫过程中由产物层包覆引起的反应不彻底的问题;针对此问题,分析并且肯定了剪切、碰撞、研磨等机械强化方式对传质过程的促进作用,在此基础上,提出了边磨边浸出式强化脱硫的工艺发展方向。     

高温熔融-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含铁尘泥中5种有害元素

准确、快速地测定含铁尘泥中有害元素,对含铁尘泥节能降废项目研究及综合利用有着重要的指导意义。实验针对含铁尘泥试样因含碳量高,导致常规酸溶解方法如果不增加除碳步骤则很难完全分解试样的问题,采用高温熔融法将试样制成熔融液后倾倒于稀酸中溶解的方法,解决了碳含量高难溶解的问题。采用四硼酸锂-碳酸锂混合熔剂在高温下将试样熔融,熔融液高温倾倒于稀酸中制成澄清溶液,由于骤冷,试样炸裂成微小玻璃珠,无迸溅,操作简单,使得后续溶解过程快速完成,从而建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定P、Pb、K、Na、Zn共5种有害元素的方法。按照实验方法测定含铁尘泥中P、Pb、K、Na、Zn,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.4%～5.7%之间,加标回收率在96%～110%之间。研究结果表明方法能够满足含铁尘泥样品中5种元素的定量分析要求。     

金属有机框架化合物NH2-MIL-101(Cr)对铅(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过溶剂热法,制备出金属有机框架化合物NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附和化学吸附分析仪对NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)的晶相结构、微观形貌和比表面积进行表征。结果表明,制备的NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)为正八面体形貌,比表面积高达1 656 m²/g。使用NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)对水体中Pb(Ⅱ)进行吸附,结果表明:在30 mg/L含Pb(Ⅱ)溶液中,加入0.03 g NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,振荡吸附100 min,达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为49.84 mg/g。NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程满足拟二级动力学和Langmuir吸附等温模型,说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)表面活性吸附位点分布均匀,对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附属于均相单分子层化学吸附,实验饱和吸附量为71.25 mg/g。NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附材料利用EDTA再生使用6次后,吸附量仅下降20.97%,说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)具有较好的再生循环使用性。取某电池车间经处理过的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为30 mg/L的废水,加入0.03 g NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,控制pH值为6,振荡吸附100 min后,测定溶液中剩余的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为0.1 mg/L(低于国家最高排放标准0.5 mg/L),说明NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)是一种良好的Pb(Ⅱ)去除剂。