Study on preparation and application performance of blue sky rare earth light storage and emission material

1IntroductionIn comparison with traditional zinc sulphide light storage and emission materials,rare-earth-activatedlight storage and emission materials are of advantages of higher luminance,longer afterglowti me,safe andnon-toxic and environmentally friendly.They have been widely applied in various transparent mediums,daily consumables,architecture decoration,transportationtools,militaryfacilities andfire emergency sys-temas well as arts and crafts.Rare earth aluminate light storage and emissi…     

华北矿业型城市长序列能源消费碳排放特征

区域视角的长序列能源消费碳排放特征研究对低碳减排政策的制定具有一定意义。针对中国地市级及以下尺度数据难以获取、统计标准存在差异、从时间长序列角度对矿业型城市能源消费碳排放的研究较少等问题,基于夜间灯光影像数据模拟估算了1995～2017年华北矿业型城市能源消费碳排放量,对矿业型城市进行多维研究,分析不同矿业型城市碳排放的差异性。结果表明:能源消费碳排放量较高的矿业型城市为成长型煤炭型、再生型铁矿型、成熟型铁矿型以及成熟型煤炭型中的张家口市、忻州市和赤峰市;强度效应是促使能源消费碳排放量与经济增长脱钩的重要手段,结合人口效应、规模效应的调控,通过科学的低碳减排政策,能够有效地控制能源消费碳排放量的增加,加快矿业型城市的经济转型。     

Electrical performance and ferroelectric phase transition characteristic in different oriented 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals

The electrical and optical properties of (001)- and (110)-oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.27PbTiO₃ single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field-induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d₃₃^* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals with (001)- and (110)-orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d₃₃^* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field-induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.     

Solar/visible light photocatalytic dye degradation using BaTi1−xFexO3 ceramics

BaTi_1−xFe_xO₃ compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were prepared via a solid-state reaction route. The presence of iron (Fe) in barium titanate (BaTiO₃) eventually decreased the energy bandgap; thus, its utilization for water cleaning application through photocatalysis process was explored (using methylene blue [MB] dye as an indicative pollutant in water). Characterization of the synthesized powder was performed through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bandgap of the synthesized powder was calculated as 3.2, 2.12, and 1.67 eV for BaTi_1−xFe_xO₃ compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), respectively. BaTi_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ powder showed excellent results, and ∼71% of the MB dye (∼5 mg/L concentrated) was degraded using the photocatalysis process under visible light. To check the potentiality of BaTi_1−xFe_xO₃ compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), the photocatalysis process was carried out by changing the concentration of MB dye (2.5–10 mg/L with a step of 2.5 mg/L) and the amount of BaTi_0.8Fe_0.2O₃ powder (0.05–0.2 g with a step of 0.05 g) for ∼5-mg/L concentrated MB dye. The treated water was further used as a growth parameter and phytotoxicity analysis through germination index on the wheat seeds. Lastly, the BaTi_1−xFe_xO₃ compositions (for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were explored for water cleaning applications under real-time solar irradiation.     

塑料催化热解制备高附加值产品的研究进展

塑料催化热解技术可定向或联产制备低碳烯烃、单环芳烃、碳纳米管（CNTs）和氢气等能源产品,其调控过程简单,且产物选择性好、附加值高,因而受到了广泛的关注。在较短的停留时间（＜1 s）和较高的反应温度（＞800℃）下,塑料热解可得到较高产率的烯烃单体,而芳烃产物的形成更依赖催化剂的酸位点和孔结构。Fe、Co、Ni基催化剂可将塑料热解产生的含碳挥发分转为CNTs和富氢气,其CNTs产率和氢转化效率可分别达到30%（质量）和90%以上。总结了塑料催化热解制备高附加值能源化工产品的研究进展,讨论总结了温度、停留时间、催化剂等因素对产物分布和品质的作用机制,并对各类产物形成机理和制备方法分别进行了回顾与展望。     

银掺杂二氧化钛/活性炭复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

为提高二氧化钛/活性炭（AC）复合材料对可见光的利用率,基于溶胶-凝胶法制备了银掺杂的二氧化钛/活性炭复合光催化剂。利用一系列测试方法对光催化剂进行了表征,通过亚甲基蓝（MB）和Cr（Ⅵ）废水的降解效果研究了其光催化活性。结果表明,掺杂银的材料,吸附性能和可见光下的光催化性能均得到提升。在材料投加量为400 mg/L情况下,银-二氧化钛/AC复合光催化剂在30 min内对10 mg/L MB溶液的降解率达到98.55%,在60 min内对20 mg/L MB溶液、10 mg/L Cr（Ⅵ）溶液的降解率分别达到76.92%和53.90%;与未掺杂的材料相比,降解率分别提升了14%、47%、137%。这是由于Ag纳米颗粒可以有效地俘获价带电子,减少电子空穴的复合,从而提高了光催化效果。     

Ag3PO4/g-C3N4异质结催化剂可见光降解黄连素

采用原位生长法制备Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄异质结催化剂,在可见光照射下,催化氧化降解废水中的药物大分子黄连素。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）分析催化剂的组成和结构,并测试了Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄降解黄连素的光催化活性。结果表明：利用可见光照射,g-C₃N₄掺杂量为0.7 g时,Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄对黄连素的光催化降解活性最好,可见光反应15 min降解率达到100%,重复4次实验后降解率降至73.2%,其具有较好的光稳定性。自由基捕获实验证明h⁺和·O₂^-在降解黄连素废水中起主要作用,结合UV-vis DRS分析可知,Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₄遵循Z型异质结机理。     

3D打印用光固化树脂产品性能研究

针对目前光固化（SLA）树脂的市场需求,采用双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯及光引发剂进行复配,制备硬质紫外SLA树脂产品,通过电子万能材料试验机、平板流变仪、电子比重计等对组分含量不同的SLA树脂材料的力学性能、黏度、体积收缩率等进行了测试,确定了产品配方,并用该配方SLA树脂进行了SLA 3D打印。结果表明,较合适的SLA树脂的配方为2 mol低聚物双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯、20 mol活性稀释剂及适量光引发剂,采用该配方制得的SLA树脂黏度为240.8 mPa?s,拉伸强度为47.1 MPa,断裂伸长率为5.62 %,体积收缩率为4.44 %,所制备的产品表面光滑、性能优异。     

光响应型分子的合成及应用研究进展

光响应型分子作为一种刺激性响应分子,因其具有信号稳定、远程控制、瞬时性和环保性等优势,而广泛应用于智能材料、光控器件等领域,其中最典型、研究最广泛的当属光致异构分子。光致异构分子在特定波长光照下会发生结构变化,在宏观上有时会表现出颜色的改变,在另一波长光照下结构会重新变为原来的结构,颜色也会随之褪去。综述了螺吡喃、偶氮苯、二芳基乙烯等几种主流的光致异构分子的合成与制备、光响应机理以及在盐湖资源提取、药物检测、储能材料制备等实际生产生活中的应用,并对光响应分子在低成本环境友好合成、复合功能材料化、智能分子器件等方面的发展趋势进行了展望。     

胎圈增强胶片在轻型载重子午线轮胎中的应用

研究胎圈增强胶片在轻型载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明:胎圈增强胶片可明显提升胎圈耐久性能;与胎体帘布贴合增强胶片相比,增强胶片与胎侧型胶复合挤出可以提高生产效率、降低生产成本,并进一步提高轮胎及其胎圈的耐久性能;与使用较低硬度和模量增强胶片的轮胎相比,使用较高硬度和模量增强胶片的轮胎及其胎圈耐久性能均更好。