建筑元素的空间演绎——福州大学图书馆建筑创作手法例析

通过对福州大学图书馆各种建筑元素的个性化创作的介绍,分析了建筑元素在建筑空间表达上的举足轻重的特殊意义,从实例的角度阐述了一种吐故纳新的建筑创作手法。     

工程图的正投影图的读图方法研究

<正>投影法是绘制工程图样的基本理论。正投影图是反映工程形体的最主要的一种图样,因此,快速、合理地运用一定的读图方法将一二维平面图形转化为三维形体,也就是读懂正投影图,了解图样所表达的设计意图,是每位工程技术人员必须具备的一项基本技能。文中就阅读正投影图常用的3种方法——形体分析法、线面分析法、方箱法进行了阐述,以期对教师的教学有一定的参考价值。     

提高窗口傅立叶变换精度的方法

由于CCD采集的变形条纹图是空域有限的,在对其作窗口傅立叶变换处理时,高斯窗在图像边缘的不完整会产生测量误差。针对这种情况,提出了采用Gerchberg迭代法对条纹进行外插延拓,扩展窗口傅立叶变换处理的有效区域范围,进而改善窗口傅立叶变换的测量精度。     

Full-field dynamic strain reconstruction of an aero-engine blade from limited displacement responses

Blade strain distribution and its change with time are crucial for reliability analysis and residual life evaluation in blade vibration tests. Traditional strain measurements are achieved by strain gauges (SGs) in a contact manner at discrete positions on the blades. This study proposes a method of full-field and real-time strain reconstruction of an aero-engine blade based on limited displacement responses. Limited optical measured displacement responses are utilized to reconstruct the full-field strain. The full-field strain distribution is in-time visualized. A displacement-to-strain transformation matrix is derived on the basis of the blade mode shapes in the modal coordinate. The proposed method is validated on an aero-engine blade in numerical and experimental cases. Three discrete vibrational displacement responses measured by laser triangulation sensors are used to reconstruct the full-field strain over the whole operating time. The reconstructed strain responses are compared with the results measured by SGs and numerical simulation. The high consistency between the reconstructed and measured results demonstrates the accurate strain reconstructed by the method. This paper provides a low-cost, real-time, and visualized measurement of blade full-field dynamic strain using displacement response, where the traditional SGs would fail.     

自适应参数驱动的装配界面形状主动设计方法

应力分布均匀程度是衡量精密机电产品装配精度和性能稳定性的重要指标,均匀的应力分布也是当前精密机电产品装配过程所追求的目标之一。形状设计是改善装配界面接触应力分布的重要途径,针对当前基于应力分布的装配界面形状主动设计方法中初始参数取值难以确定,且相关参数对优化过程计算效率、数值计算稳定性影响较大的问题,提出了一种根据优化过程中接触应力分布均匀程度变化信息来调节优化参数的自适应参数计算方法。并以典型单螺栓连接结构为设计对象,对比了采用自适应参数设计方法与采用固定参数设计方法分别进行装配界面形状主动设计后的结果。理论分析结果表明：该方法可以很好地解决基于应力分布的装配界面形状主动设计方法中初始参数难以确定的问题,同时提高了优化效果、计算效率和优化过程中的数值计算稳定性。     

干涉仪测向技术现状与发展研究

从解模糊和天线排列形式、鉴相技术、通道幅相不一致校正方法和接收数据处理方式四个方面论述了干涉仪测向技术的现状和发展趋势。对每一方面现存的不同实现方法的主要原理和优劣性做了详细说明和比较,探讨了下一步的发展和改进思路。为干涉仪测向装备在特定条件下应用技术的选择提供理论依据,为新装备的研制提供参考意见。     

莲花水电站溢洪道弧形工作闸门侧水封改造

着重介绍露顶式弧形闸门侧止水采用"L"型止水带在莲花电站的应用情况,解决在东北地区冬季气温低时,闸门门叶钢结构和闸墩混凝土结构同时收缩出现漏水问题,确保了溢洪道弧形工作闸门冬季安全可靠运行。     

4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure,Programming, and Shape Memory Performance

In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape-memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab-made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro- and microstructural features of 3D printed PVC are investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. A promising shape-memory feature of PVC is hypothesized from the presence of small close imperfect thermodynamically stable crystallites as physical crosslinks, which are further reinforced by mesomorphs and possibly molecular entanglement. A detailed analysis of shape fixity and shape recovery performance of 3D printed PVC is carried out considering three programming scenarios of cold (T_g −45 °C), warm (T_g −15 °C), and hot (T_g +15 °C) and two load holding times of 0 s, and 600 s under three-point bending and compression modes. Extensive insightful discussions are presented, and in conclusion, shape-memory effects are promising,ranging from 83.24% to 100%. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art shape-memory materials library for 4D printing, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the 3D printing of shape-memory PVC-based structures.     

Shape Memory Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomer Based on PA1212

Shape memory polyamide elastomers have attracted large attention owing to a variety of favorable properties (e.g., designable chemical structure, good thermal stability, flexibility, and elasticity, et al). However, the polyamide elastomer reported recently still lack good mechanical property. In the present work, a new type of shape memory thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE), composed of long carbon chain PA1212 and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), is synthesized through two-step melt polycondensation, which is named as poly(ether-b-amide) (PEBA). The chemical structure of PEBA is confirmed by FTIR results and it also shows excellent mechanical properties. PEBA, possessing two melting temperatures, stay in microphase separation among PTMEG soft domains and PA1212 hard domains that are amorphous and α crystal, respectively. Furthermore, PEBA can fix a temporary shape after the heated strip is twisted and cooled down and then recover to the original shape after secondary heating, which is attributed to the fixing force provided by PTMEG domains and entropy elasticity of physically cross-linked PA1212 domains, respectively. Besides, PEBA elastomer can be reshaped between ≈190 and ≈380 °C and it also has shape memory behavior. This new kind of TPAE proposes a new smart material for sensors and soft robotics.     

带双参数四次Said-Ball曲线的扩展

为了使曲线易于实现光滑拼接,同时具有对应于相同控制顶点的不同形状,定义了具有凸包性、对称性、形状可调性等基本性质的新曲线.文中分析了基函数及曲线的性质和2个形状参数的几何意义,给出了2条Said-Ball型曲线的G0,G1,G2连续拼接条件.类似构造了局部形状可调的组合曲面.数值实例说明了所给方法的正确性和有效性.