Optimal tree design for daylighting in residential buildings

Urban reforestation is advocated as an efficient countermeasure to the intensification of urban heat islands. The greening and beautification of residential quarters is one of the main concerns of residents, while lighting and ventilation are two main energy-consuming building services. Hence, the tree layout in green space between buildings is important, and it is necessary to determine the relationships between trees and buildings. This study takes Shanghai as a case study to optimize tree design between residential buildings and meet good daylighting requirements. Models were made using software such as AutoCAD and SketchUp. The relationships between maximum tree height and building separation were determined. For the same building layout, there were different tree height limits according to crown shape; the order of decreasing height limits was cylindrical, conical, spherical, and inverted conical crowns. Three cases having different green space between building layouts were studied. Their maximum tree heights differed. Overall, our model helps us realize good daylighting of a building environment. The formula allows us to determine which trees to plant between buildings in that we can predict the effects of future tree growth on building daylighting.     

适用于厚膜剥离的图形反转双层胶光刻技术

介绍了一种适用于厚膜剥离的图形反转双层胶光刻技术,采用图形反转胶和正型光刻胶,选择合适的光刻工艺形成了光刻胶倒梯形的剖面结构,可以成功剥离与胶层厚度相同的膜层,厚度可达13μm。同时对一些技术机理和关键工艺条件进行了讨论。     

基于先验形状的CV模型肝脏CT图像分割

针对目标被部分遮挡或部分信息丢失情况下CV模型不能正确识别的问题,提出一种新的分割算法。首先,利用数学形态学对原肝脏图像进行滤波,并结合其他算法建立肝脏先验形状;然后,采用边缘查找和区域标定等算法,对肝脏先验性状的边缘以及边缘内外区域进行赋值,构建执行效率高的符号函数距离函数,将其通过形状比较函数嵌入到CV模型的能量泛函中,形成新的基于先验形状的CV模型,并将此模型用于分割存在干扰或者被部分遮挡的肝脏CT图像。与CV模型分割结果相比,本文算法能在目标周围存在干扰信息或者被部分遮挡的情形下,成功地正确识别出目标区域。     

无锡新区科技交流中心建筑模型风荷载特性试验

无锡新区科技交流中心外观造型新颖独特,屋盖为梅花形金属曲面,四周为弧形玻璃幕墙。结合结构和围护系统的抗风设计要求,制作了1∶150刚性模型进行风洞试验研究,重点考虑了周边高层建筑的气动干扰作用,论文对比了周边有无高层建筑两种工况下的风压分布情况,并且将建筑表面划分为31块,分析了高层建筑对分块风压的影响情况。试验研究结果为主体结构、金属屋盖和玻璃幕墙提供设计依据。     

Triple‐Shape Polymeric Composites (TSPCs)

In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of triple‐shape polymeric composites (TSPCs) that, unlike traditional shape memory polymers (SMPs), are capable of fixing two temporary shapes and recovering sequentially from the first temporary shape (shape 1) to the second temporary shape (shape 2), and eventually to the permanent shape (shape 3) upon heating, are reported. This is technically achieved by incorporating non‐woven thermoplastic fibers (average diameter ～760 nm) of a low‐T_m semicrystalline polymer into a T_g‐based SMP matrix. The resulting composites display two well‐separated transitions, one from the glass transition of the matrix and the other from the melting of the fibers, which are subsequently used for the fixing/recovery of two temporary shapes. Three thermomechanical programming processes with different shape fixing protocols are proposed and explored. The intrinsic versatility of this composite approach enables an unprecedented large degree of design flexibility for functional triple‐shape polymers and systems.     

改进模拟退火算法在FBG传感网络中的应用

通过分析传统模拟退火（Simulated Annealing）算法的原理和存在的不足,提出了一种改进的模拟退火算法.改进的算法增加了记忆当前最好状态的功能以避免遗失当前最优解,并设置双阈值使得在尽量保持最优性的前提下减少计算量.根据光纤光栅传感网络谱形状复用技术和模拟退火算法的特征,设计了高效的计算能量增量的方法,加快了算法的运行速度.仿真和实验结果表明,改进的算法比传统的模拟退火算法在解决光谱形状复用技术问题上具有更快的收敛速度,解的质量也有很大程度的提高.     

A molecular-structure hypothesis

The self-similar symmetry that occurs between atomic nuclei, biological growth structures, the solar system, globular clusters and spiral galaxies suggests that a similar pattern should characterize atomic and molecular structures. This possibility is explored in terms of the current molecular structure-hypothesis and its extension into four-dimensional space-time. It is concluded that a quantum molecule only has structure in four dimensions and that classical (Newtonian) structure, which occurs in three dimensions, cannot be simulated by quantum-chemical computation.     

A Completely Biodegradable Poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone)] Elastomer Reinforced by in situ Poly(glycolic acid) Fibrillation: Manufacturing and Shape‐Memory Effects

A new completely biodegradable shape‐memory elastomer consisting of PLLCA reinforced by in situ PGA fibrillation is described. The manufacturing processes and shape‐memory effects of the composites are discussed. DMA results reveal a strong interface interaction between in situ PGA fibrillation and PLLCA. Compared with the SMP‐based composites that are commonly used, the shape‐memory test shows that in situ PGA fibrillation can improve the recovery properties of PLLCA; in fact, the shape‐recovery rate increases from 80.5 to 93.2%.

     

水下设备密封胶筒截面形状的响应面优化

胶筒的密封性能对于封隔器等水下设备来说极为重要,而胶筒的截面形状是影响胶筒密封性能的重要因素之一。一般来说,胶筒的上端与下端受到的约束条件并不相同,并且在密封性能方面,胶筒上端接触压力更大,且胶筒的各个结构参数相互影响。因此建立综合考虑胶筒上端厚度与倒角角度的二维数值模型,以外筒内侧受到的应力为优化目标,引入防肩突变量作为防止肩突发生的约束条件,利用响应面优化方法结合多目标遗传算法,对胶筒的端面厚度和角度进行优化。结果表明：在有限元仿真中,防肩突变量可有效地反映出胶筒在挤压过程中是否出现的肩突情况;在优化过程中加入防肩突变量进行约束,可避免得到产生肩突的胶筒结构参数值。优化得到了胶筒上端厚度比下端厚度大的胶筒截面结构,其密封性能比传统的胶筒截面结构更有优势。提出的不对称胶筒截面形状对类似密封件的研究有重要的理论意义。     

预成型形状对发泡乙丙橡胶泡孔形态和动态力学性能的影响

考察了混炼胶预成型形状对发泡乙丙橡胶硫化/发泡过程、泡孔形态及其动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,预成型形状和填充量,不仅影响硫化时间、发泡压力等工艺性能,对发泡橡胶的泡孔尺寸、动态力学性能也具有显著的影响。随预成型样品的厚度增加,硫化转矩和发泡压力增加,焦烧时间t10和正硫化时间t90变化不大;三角型样品和碎胶样品的t90延长,而超量填充胶料时t10和t90较短。随预成型厚度减小,泡孔尺寸逐渐增加,动态模量减小,损耗因子增加;三角型样品的泡孔较大,但动态模量高于8mm样品,表明发泡橡胶的动态模量与受力测试方向上的取向有关,而与其垂直方向上的取向无关。填充橡胶量较大时,泡孔最小,而且损耗模量G″-应变曲线出现第二个峰,表明较小的泡孔容易在较低形变下发生破坏。