提高产品质量水平 推动企业转型升级

本文介绍了如何适应新形势下的国际国内环境,转变原有的发展模式,提高工业企业产品质量水平,增强竞争力。     

考虑应力敏感的致密气藏水平井产能计算方法

除启动压力梯度外致密气藏还存在应力敏感,在实验确定应力敏感参数的基础上,引入虚拟裂缝概念,利用保角变换方法,考虑应力敏感和启动压力梯度建立了气藏水平井产能方程,同时分析了应力敏感、启动压力梯度、水平井长度等对产能的影响。结果表明:产能方程与试采产能的误差小于7%,验证了产能方程的可靠性;应力敏感和启动压力梯度均使产能降低,其中应力敏感占主要作用;应力敏感在低井底流压时对产能影响严重,启动压力梯度在高井底流压时对产能影响较大;水平井长度是影响产能的主控因素。该研究丰富了致密气藏水平井产能计算方法,并为水平井长度和生产压差的优化提供了理论指导。     

Reactivity investigation on biomass chemical looping conversion for syngas production

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is regarded as an innovative and promising technology for producing syngas. In this work, CLG of straw was conducted in a fixed bed reactor with Fe₂O₃ as the oxygen carrier, whose results led to conclusions that Fe₂O₃, the oxygen carrier, proved advantageous to the secondary gasification reaction and the formation of CO and CO₂. It was also found that CO was further oxidized to CO₂ at high Fe₂O₃/C molar ratio, which resulted in a decreased gasification efficiency and low heat value of syngas. Therefore, a conclusion was drawn that the most optimized Fe₂O₃/C molar ratio was 0.2. In addition, the alkali metals in the biomass evaporated as chlorine salts into gas phase and retained as alkali metal oxide at high temperature, resulting in coking, slagging and heating surface corrosion. In the mean time, the oxygen carrier mainly converted to Fe and sintering phenomenon was serious at high temperature despite the fact that high temperature promoted gas yield, carbon conversion efficiency and gasification efficiency. Therefore, the most optimized temperature was set to 800 °C in order to maximize gas yield and gasification efficiency.     

Difference Detection Between Two Images for Image Monitoring

In manufacturing industries, images are commonly used for quality control purposes. In such applications, if the quality of the products is good, then their images should be all similar to the image of a good-quality product. Therefore, comparison of images is a fundamental task in image-based quality control. This problem, however, is complicated in the sense that (1) observed images often contain noise, and (2) the related images need to be geometrically matched up first because images of different products could be geometrically mismatched because the relative positions between a camera and different products are often not exactly the same. The first issue requires a statistical method that can remove noise, and the second issue is related to the so-called image registration problem in the image processing literature. In this article, we propose effective methods for detecting difference between two images of products, and our proposed methods can accommodate both noise and geometric mismatch mentioned above. Theoretical results and numerical examples show that they can work effectively in applications.     

Thermally-induced phase transformations in KNNS-BNKZ lead-free piezoceramics

Promising piezoelectric properties have been reported in potassium sodium niobate-based ceramics by introducing Bi_0.5(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5ZrO₃ (BNKZ) into K_0.48Na_0.52Nb_0.95Sb_0.05O₃ (KNNS) solid solutions in order to control the polymorphic phase transformation temperatures. In the present study, synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXPD) was employed in combination with dielectric and ferroelectric measurements in order to clarify the influence of BNKZ on the phase transition temperatures of (1-x)KNNS-(x)BNKZ ceramics (with x = 0 to 0.05). The results, presented in terms of temperature-dependent SXPD patterns, dielectric permittivity and thermal depolarisation characteristics, confirmed that polymorphic phase transformation temperatures all shifted in a systematic manner with increasing BNKZ content. Broadening of the phase transition regions was also observed with increasing BNKZ content, leading to improvements in thermal stability of the ferroelectric properties. Microstructural examination of the KNNS-BNKZ ceramics revealed the presence of core-shell microstructures; this was correlated with the presence of weak shoulders on the diffraction peaks.     

Prediction models for multiphase-flow-induced corrosion of API X80 steel in CO2/H2S environment

In the offshore oil and gas industry, mainly focusing on the use of rigid or flexible pipes of subsea infrastructure applied to risers or flowlines, one of the greatest difficulties is the interpretation of the combined effects of the various correlated phenomena (hydrodynamic effects of intermittent flow, the effects of corrosivity of the environment in addition to variations in pressure, temperature, and dynamic loading). On the basis of this scenario, defining the degree of severity of each of the correlated system variables becomes of fundamental importance for establishing reliable criteria for selecting materials for subsea application. The established flow pattern directly affects the corrosion rate (or the pipe material mass loss), but the balance of other variables including possible changes in the physical and transported fluid chemical properties may increase the damage up to an order of magnitude, which is a piece of information normally not foreseen in design criteria. Therefore, to improve the understanding of the corrosion study influenced by multiphase flow, a testing loop was designed and assembled at the Corrosion and Protection Laboratory of the Institute for Technological Research, in which API X80 steel coupons were positioned in locations with a 0° and 45° inclinations. Tests were conducted by varying the partial pressure of the gaseous phase containing blends of CO₂ and H₂S with N₂ balance, mixed with the liquid phase containing light oil and heavy oil in water with salinity (NaCl)-simulating oil well conditions with 80% water cut. The main objective of this study is to establish models that can predict the corrosion intensity in conditions close to those obtained experimentally. To achieve results, the multiple regression and Box–Cox transformation methods were applied. These models will make possible damage prediction and optimization of matrix parameters for the multiphase-loop test.     

GE水煤浆气化锁斗程序改造

对合成氨厂煤气化开车以来遇到的锁斗运行问题进行论证,通过对其控制程序的改造,保证气化炉的正常排渣。     

Feasibility of laser surface treatment of pearlitic and bainitic ductile irons for hot rolls

The effects of laser surface treatment on the microstructure, crackability and stresses generated on laser hardened layers produced in several ductile cast iron materials were investigated. Two kinds of alloys having pearlitic (SGP) and acicular (SGA) matrix microstructures were selected. Hardened layers with thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm were obtained by means of laser remelting (LSRm) or laser hardening (LSH). Thermal stresses generated upon laser processing have been estimated by a simple thermal model. For energy densities delivered onto the material at above 40 J/mm², extensive cracking was developed in SGA and SGP irons due to the contribution of thermal stresses. By lowering the energy density, crack formation was avoided in SGP irons only. At low energy densities, crack formation is controlled by the generation of transformational stresses due to excessive austenite retention. An increase of the surface temperature or the alloying content gave rise to an increase of the retained austenite and the formation of lower bainite at the remelted zone and the heat affected zones, respectively. K_C fracture toughness of Fe₃C carbides embedded in pearlitic and acicular matrixes was measured by means of the nano-indentation technique. Fracture toughness of cementite in SGP irons was slightly higher than in SGA irons, which can help to reduce the crackability of LSH layers.     

矿业企业传统型HR转型路径研究——基于HRBP-COE-SSC模式

在经济新常态以及矿业企业产业转型升级的新环境中,诸多矿业企业尝试进行人力资源变革以增加其价值创造,为企业长远战略发展提供人力资源支持。在对中国矿业企业传统人力资源管理现状进行宏微观分析的基础上,提出基于HRBP-COE-SSC模式的转型路径,并分别从HRBP、COE、SSC模块进行了分析探讨,同时提出了相应的转型建议。     

A note on a plane creeping corner flow

Abstract

A simple method of similarity transformation is formulated to analyze a two‐dimensional creeping corner flow. By this peculiar transformation, governing equations for the plane velocity are reduced to a pair of ordinary differential equations. With a particular selection of appropriate boundary conditions, the field variables of velocity, pressure, vorticity, and stream function are obtained analytically. A special case with constant velocity at one boundary is explored. The salient characteristics of this example are used to compare with previous investigations. The present study shows that both approaches provide exactly the same solutions. A very interesting feature is that the velocity components in the coordinate system are independent of the radial direction.