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41.
Game‐Based Valley‐Fill Charging Coordination for Large‐Population Plug‐in Electric Vehicles 下载免费PDF全文
Charging coordination of large‐population autonomous plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the power grid can be formulated as a class of constrained optimization problems. To overcome the computational complexity, a game‐based method is proposed for the charging problems of the PEV population, which is composed of homogeneous subpopulations, such that individuals update their best charging strategies simultaneously with respect to a common electricity price determined by the total demand. To mitigate the oscillation behavior caused by the greedy behavior for the cheap electricity by individuals, a deviation cost is introduced to penalize against the deviation of the individual strategy from the average value of the homogeneous subpopulation. By adopting a proper deviation cost and following a best strategy update mechanism, the game systems may converge to the socially optimal valley‐fill Nash equilibrium. Simulation examples are studied to illustrate the results. 相似文献
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Chunyan Li Yao Zhang Xiaojun Zhang Peng Zhang Xudong Yang Han Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(13):2214774
The poor interface quality between nickel oxide (NiOx) and halide perovskites limits the performance and stability of NiOx-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here a reactive surface modification approach based on the in situ decomposition of urea on the NiOx surface is reported. The pyrolysis of urea can reduce the high-valence state of nickel and replace the adsorbed hydroxyl group with isocyanate. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, the treated NiOx films present suppressed surface states and improved transport energy level alignment with the halide perovskite absorber. With this strategy, NiOx-based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.61% and a fill factor of over 86%. The device's efficiency remains above 90% after 2000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C. Furthermore, perovskite solar modules achieve PCE values of 18.97% and 17.18% for areas of 16 and 196 cm2, respectively. 相似文献
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Hengfei Gu Fei Zhang Shinjae Hwang Anders B. Laursen Xin Liu So Yeon Park Mengjin Yang Rosemary C. Bramante Hussein Hijazi Leila Kasaei Leonard C. Feldman Yao-Wen Yeh Philip E. Batson Bryon W. Larson Mengjun Li Yifei Li Keenan Wyatt James L. Young Krishani Teeluck Kai Zhu Eric Garfunkel G. Charles Dismukes 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(25):2301196
The rapidly increasing solar conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin-film semiconductors has triggered interest in their use for direct solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, application of these low-cost, electronic-structure-tunable HOIP tandem photoabsorbers has been hindered by the instability of the photovoltaic-catalyst-electrolyte (PV+E) interfaces. Here, photolytic water splitting is demonstrated using an integrated configuration consisting of an HOIP/n+silicon single junction photoabsorber and a platinum (Pt) thin film catalyst. An extended electrochemical (EC) lifetime in alkaline media is achieved using titanium nitride on both sides of the Si support to eliminate formation of insulating silicon oxide, and as an effective diffusion barrier to allow high-temperature annealing of the catalyst/TiO2-protected-n+silicon interface necessary to retard electrolytic corrosion. Halide composition is examined in the (FA1-xCsx)PbI3 system with a bandgap suitable for tandem operation. A fill factor of 72.5% is achieved using a Spiro-OMeTAD-hole-transport-layer (HTL)-based HOIP/n+Si solar cell, and a high photocurrent density of −15.9 mA cm−2 (at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) is attained for the HOIP/n+Si/Pt photocathode in 1 m NaOH under simulated 1-sun illumination. While this thin-film design creates stable interfaces, the intrinsic photo- and electro-degradation of the HOIP photoabsorber remains the main obstacle for future HOIP/Si tandem PEC devices. 相似文献
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Jiefeng Hai Yuanxia Song Ling Li Xin Liu Xiaoyu Shi Zhuoyue Huang Guangming Qian Zhenhuan Lu Jiangsheng Yu Huawei Hu Shangshang Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(19):2213429
The elaborate balance between the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and the short-circuit current density (JSC) is critical to ensure efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the chalcogen containing branched chain engineering is employed to address this dilemma. Three novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), named BTP-2O , BTP-O-S , and BTP-2S , featuring different peripheral chalcogen containing branched chains are synthesized. Compared with symmetric BTP-2O and BTP-2S grafting two alkoxy or alkylthio branched chains, the asymmetric BTP-O-S grafting one alkoxy and one alkylthio branched chains shows mediate absorption range, applicable miscibility, and favorable crystallinity. Benefiting from the enhanced π–π stacking and charge transport, an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3% is obtained for the PM6: BTP-O-S -based devices, with a good balance between VOC (0.912 V) and JSC (24.5 mA cm−2), and a high fill factor (FF) of 0.775, which is much higher than those of BTP-2O (16.1%) and BTP-2S -based (16.4%) devices. Such a result represents one of the highest efficiencies among the binary OSCs with VOC surpassing 0.9 V. Moreover, the BTP-O-S -based devices fabricated by using green solvent yield a satisfactory PCE of 17.1%. This work highlights the synergistic effect of alkoxy and alkylthio branched chains for high-performance OSCs by alleviating voltage loss and enhancing FF. 相似文献
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A vendor-managed inventory (VMI) relationship between a downstream retailer and an upstream vendor consists of two distinct components: (i) information sharing (IS) and (ii) a shift in decision-making responsibility. This study compares these two components of VMI in a two-stage serial supply chain based on the ‘static uncertainty’ strategy under dynamic and random demand with fill rate constraints. Numerical experiments are conducted using analytical models to identify the conditions where the incremental value of VMI over IS is significant. The results provide guidelines relevant to academia and supply chain practitioners in taking VMI adoption decision above and beyond IS according to their specific business environment. 相似文献
47.
High‐Performance Integrated Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factors and Near‐Infrared Harvesting 下载免费PDF全文
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在非晶硅太阳能电池中加入复合背电极是提高非晶硅太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的有效手段.本文利用磁控溅射技术在非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池上制备了ZnO :Ga(GZO)/Al复合背电极,研究了GZO厚度对GZO薄膜光电性质及非晶硅电池中GZO/Al复合背电极性能的影响.研究表明:随着GZO层厚度的增加,GZO薄膜的光电性质均表现出较高水平,适合制备GZO/Al复合背电极;相较于单层Al背电极的非晶硅太阳能电池,具有GZO/Al复合背电极的太阳能电池性能大幅提高.当GZO层厚度为100 nm时,太阳能电池的短路电流(ISC)、开路电压(VOC)和填充因子(FF)分别达到8.66 mA,1.62 V和54.7%. 相似文献
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