酶领生物洗涤未来——更清洁、更环保、更可持续的商业发展

文章从洗涤性能、环境和成本方面,阐述了生物酶能够优化洗涤剂配方的可能性。鉴于新兴市场愈发受人瞩目,且液体洗涤剂正经历高速增长,因此研究重点放在面向亚太市场的液体洗涤产品。结果表明,使用酶作为表面活性剂的替代品可以提升去污效果、让洗涤剂更绿色,且不会导致成本增加。原因在于,酶的使用量要比它所替代的表面活性剂少得多,而酶的生产和使用对气候和水环境的影响也相对少得多。     

燃机余热锅炉排烟酸露点温度计算研究

整理分析天然气燃烧产生的烟气酸露点的影响因素,并通过多种方法计算某燃气—蒸汽联合循环机组余热锅炉排烟酸露点温度,总结出一套适用于燃机电厂余热锅炉排烟酸露点温度的可靠计算方法,以降低余热锅炉排烟温度、优化燃机电厂运行方式以及提高机组效率提供计算依据和参考。     

全寿命周期主动设备管理辅助决策

目前,电网设备管理大多通过被动的计划检修完成,只注重遵循相关运维规程按设备运行时间安排检修工作,忽略对设备全寿命健康状况的评估与管理。本文提出计及设备全寿命周期运行状态的多源融合主动资产管理方法。首先,根据资产时间、逻辑及历史知识提出全寿命周期三维资产管理模型。接着采用设备案例推理方法,从电网安全、稳定、经济运行角度,应用迁移学习方法对案例进行自学习与案例库强化。最后,将所提出方法应用于存在海量多源异构数据的设备全寿命周期主动管理的实际案例中。结果表明,主动资产管理可以有效自动辨识设备运维状态,保证资产管理策略的可行性、适用性及安全性,为运维人员提供有力辅助决策。     

基于多光谱和LiDAR数据融合技术的树种分布识别及树障分级预警系统研究

为快速、可靠实现“线树”距离判断,通过无人机搭载三维LiDAR设备,利用多光谱和LiDAR数据融合技术,以精确判断输电线路通道的“线树”距离和实现树种分布识别。通过采集输电线路通道的各类环境实测信息数据,构建输电线路通道的典型树障生长周期模型,根据树木的生长速度,分析预测树木可能形成隐患的时间节点。建立树障分级预警系统,对预测的隐患点及时处理,不仅可以提高输电线路运维巡视效率,而且大大降低了输电线路的维护成本。     

中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放相互影响建模分析

煤电在中国电力供应结构中占据主导地位,其环境影响是研究热点之一。建立中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放分析模型,基于文献调研构建参数数据库,测算中国煤电的单位发电量排放。结果表明,近年来中国煤电生命周期单位发电量的CO₂、SO₂、NO_x和PM_2.5排放分别为838.6 g/（kW·h）、0.34 g/（kW·h）、0.32 g/（kW·h）和0.08 g/（kW·h）。其中煤电单位发电量大气污染物排放,比实施超低排放改造前,下降幅度超过90%。研究发现,增大单机机组规模和进行超低排放改造能够有效降低煤电发电过程的大气污染物排放,采用煤电燃烧后碳捕集和存储(carbon capture and storage, CCS)处理技术能够使煤电CO₂排放下降到144 g/（kW·h）,助力碳中和目标实现。如果不采用更加严格的大气污染物排放标准和处理方式,CCS技术可能会使煤电大气污染物排放强度上升30%~40%,这与碳捕集过程使用的技术有关。     

Proinflammatory Interleukin-33 Induces Dichotomic Effects on Cell Proliferation in Normal Gastric Epithelium and Gastric Cancer

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines linked to the development of inflammatory conditions and cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. This study is designed to investigate whether IL-33 has a direct effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1), the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS), and the gastric carcinoma cell line (NCI-N87) by assessing its role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Cell cycle regulation was also determined in ex vivo gastric cancer samples obtained during endoscopy and surgical procedures. Cell lines and tissue samples underwent stimulation with rhIL-33. Proliferation was assessed by XTT and CFSE assays, migration by wound healing assay, and apoptosis by caspase 3/7 activity assay and annexin V assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by means of propidium iodine assay, and gene expression regulation was assessed by RT-PCR profiling. We found that IL-33 has an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on cancer cell lines, and it can stimulate proliferation and reduce apoptosis in normal epithelial cell lines. These effects were also confirmed by the analysis of cell cycle gene expression, which showed a reduced expression of pro-proliferative genes in cancer cells, particularly in genes involved in G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoints. These results were confirmed by gene expression analysis on bioptic and surgical specimens. The aforementioned results indicate that IL-33 may be involved in cell proliferation in an environment- and cell-type-dependent manner.     

Simulated Microgravity Inhibits the Proliferation of Chang Liver Cells by Attenuation of the Major Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytoskeletal Proteins

Simulated microgravity (SMG) induced the changes in cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization, which plays an important factor in various cellular processes. The inhibition in cell cycle progression has been considered to be one of the main causes of proliferation inhibition in cells under SMG, but their mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SMG on the proliferative ability and cytoskeleton changes of Chang Liver Cells (CCL-13). CCL-13 cells were induced SMG by 3D clinostat for 72 h, while the control group were treated in normal gravity at the same time. The results showed that SMG reduced CCL-13 cell proliferation by an increase in the number of CCL-13 cells in G0/G1 phase. This cell cycle phase arrest of CCL-13 cells was due to a downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6). SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells also exhibited a downregulation of α-tubulin 3 and β-actin which induced the cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that the inhibited proliferation of SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells could be associate with the attenuation of major cell cycle regulators and main cytoskeletal proteins.     

Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 29 Regulates Cdc25A-Mediated Tumorigenesis

Cell division cycle 25A (Cdc25A) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that is overexpressed in several cancer cells and promotes tumorigenesis. In normal cells, Cdc25A expression is regulated tightly, but the changes in expression patterns in cancer cells that lead to tumorigenesis are unknown. In this study, we showed that ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) stabilized Cdc25A protein expression in cancer cell lines by protecting it from ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. The presence of USP29 effectively blocked polyubiquitination of Cdc25A and extended its half-life. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of USP29 in HeLa cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We also showed that USP29 knockdown hampered Cdc25A-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, NSG nude mice transplanted with USP29-depleted cells significantly reduced the size of the tumors, whereas the reconstitution of Cdc25A in USP29-depleted cells significantly increased the tumor size. Altogether, our results implied that USP29 promoted cell cycle progression and oncogenic transformation by regulating protein turnover of Cdc25A.     

Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability,Self-Cleaning,and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization

In recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large-scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor-liquid sol-gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two-step process, including a vapor-liquid sol-gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self-cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.     

强化三元混合熔盐的传热性能的实验研究

太阳能发电技术中传热性能的优劣影响着太阳能的利用程度。选用石墨作为强化相变材料传热性能的添加剂与三元混合熔盐（K₂CO₃-NaCl-Li₂CO₃）按照石墨质量分数为5%、10%、15%进行混合制备,使用TC3000通用型导热系数测试仪测定16种试样的导热系数。并测试经历300次循环储能、释能实验试样的导热系数循环稳定性。实验结果表明：添加石墨后的混合相变材料导热系数最高可提升至原混合材料的3.38倍,当石墨的质量分数为15%时,混合相变材料的导热系数最大。在经历300次储能、释能实验后,材料的导热系数基本保持稳定,变化浮动不高于15%。石墨作为强化材料的添加剂,可有效提升强化材料的传热性能,具有实际工程的应用价值。