Urea briquette applicator for transplanted rice

A plunger-type, completely hand-operated applicator prototype, made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), for deep placement of urea briquettes (UB), i.e., pillow-shaped urea supergranules with edges, in line transplanted rice has been developed for use by small-scale rice farmers. The field evaluation of the applicator was conducted in the Philippines during the 1989 dry season. The applicator consistently placed UB at proper depth (7 to 8 cm), which resulted in low concentrations of urea N (<7 ppm) in about 4 cm of floodwater 1 day after placement. These findings indicated that the prototype worked properly. Average work output of the applicator was 0.20 ha workday^–1 and may increase with practice. The yields of irrigated transplanted rice in the field trials show that agronomic efficiencies of hand-placed UB and applicator-placed UB were equal and were superior to those of split-applied prilled urea.     

Process conditions for separating fatty acid esters by supercritical CO2

The solubilities of ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, ethyl eicosapentaenoate (EPA) and ethyl docosahexaenoate (DHA) in supercritical carbon dioxide were determined by a continuous flow method. The solubilities of fatty acid ethyl esters increased with pressure and decreased as the temperature was increased. An empirical equation, similar to Chrastil's equation, was used to describe the relationship between solute solubility and the density of carbon dioxide. The empirical equation was further used to qualitatively estimate the separation efficiency of isolating EPA and DHA ethyl esters from fatty acid esters. The operating conditions yielding high solubility gave fast extraction rate but resulted in low separation efficiency. Experiments were conducted to separate ethyl EPA and ethyl DHA from a model mixture containing four fatty acid ethyl esters and from esterified squid visceral oil. The experimental data compared closely with the calculated values.     

带有块间串扰MC-CDMA的时域信道估计和多用户检测

本文把带有IBI的MC-CDMA系统等效解释为特殊的直接序列码分多址（DS-CDMA）系统，并给出了相应的时域信道估计方法和时域线性最小均方误差（MMSE）多用户检测方法。仿真实验表明了本文方法的性能。     

覆膜滤料的滤尘性能测试方法研究

由于覆膜滤料的结构和性能有别于普通滤料，因而普通滤料的滤尘性能测试方法不完全适用于覆滤料。本文作者在总结实践经验的基础上，提出了在覆膜滤料的滤尘性能测试中应注意的一些问题和应增加的测试项目。     

Simulation of the Forming Behaviour of a Boron Modified P91 Ferritic Steel

The forming behaviour at high temperature of a modified 9%Cr‐1%Mo (P91) ferritic steel containing B and Ti for elevated temperature service was investigated. The microstructure of the as‐received material is mainly martensite at room temperature, but special etching revealed prior austenite grains of about 25 μm in size. Torsion tests were conducted at temperatures in the range 850 to 1250 °C to simulate the hot rolling process under comparable conditions of temperature, strain rate and strain. The deformation data obtained from these tests were correlated with the Garofalo equation with a stress exponent of 4.6 and an activation energy of 315 kJ/mol. This equation was used to predict the formability behaviour for the rolling process and also to determine the maximum forming efficiency and stability of the steel. A temperature of 1200 °C is recommended to conduct the forming process.     

镀锌钢带工艺技术改造

本介绍了将氰化钠镀锌溶液转换为氯化钾镀锌溶液的镀锌工艺过程，从工艺、健康、环保、成本等方面进行阐述。     

二元复合驱阶段见效特征

针对孤东油田油藏条件，通过室内试验研究，确定了以胜利石油磺酸盐为活性剂主剂和聚合物的二元复合驱油体系，通过两者之间的协同效应，增加水驱波及体积和洗油效率。该体系在孤东油田七区西馆上54—61层进行试验，取得了较好的阶段性降水增油效果。本文分析了复合驱见效特征和影响见效因素，为下步跟踪分析调整具有指导意义。     

A distant-learning training module on the environmental design of urban buildings

The present paper aims to present a distant-learning training module that concerns the environmental design of urban buildings. The whole approach attempts to integrate topics that concern the design of urban buildings from various points of views, e.g. active and passive systems, automation systems, indoor air quality, economic aspects, energy and resources management. The package offers both printed and electronic material that gives the possibility to the students to study the various topics by using different educational methods. Additionally, the present package contains software tools that permit the students to examine real or hypothetical situations and to study further the influence of various parameters that concern the environmental building design.     

Antimicrobial finishing of regular and modified polyethylene terephthalate fabrics

An effective two-stage method has been developed for imparting antimicrobial properties to regular polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PEG-M-PET), R-PET/Cotton blend (R-PET/C) and PEG-M-PET/Cotton blend (PEG-M-PET/C) fabrics. The method consists of partial hydrolysis of the fabrics to create carboxylic groups in PET macromolecules followed by subsequent reaction with dimethylalkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DMABAC) under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions such as pH, reaction temperature and time, carboxylic content, and DMABAC concentration were studied. Characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). All the modified PET fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus mycoides), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and nonfilamentous fungus (Candida albicans). The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PET fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering 10 times the fabrics could still provide more than 85% of its antimicrobial activity against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008