聚乳酸-己内酯直接熔融聚合工艺的研究

应用正交实验及SPSS统计软件研究聚乳酸-己内酯直接熔融聚合工艺。结果表明,质量分数 0．5％氯化亚锡为催化剂,乳酸与己内酯摩尔比为3/7,外消旋乳酸和左消旋乳酸与己内酯在180℃、70 Pa下分别直接熔融共聚12 h和16 h,可获得特性粘数分别为0．473 3 dL/g和0．412 1 dL/g的聚乳酸-己内酯。     

可降解塑料的开发种应用进展

介绍了可降解塑料的分类、用途及开发和应用的进展趋势,并提出了利用我国丰富资源的优势开发生产可降解塑料的意义和可能性。     

浙江生物降解塑料产业值得期待

生物质降解材料是用以取代传统塑料材料的全球公认的绿色环保产品。这种产品的原料主要从玉米、土豆、木薯等农产品中提取，之后再制成生物质降解塑料制品，具有可再生、可生物降解等优点，可以实现减量使用石油资源的目的。据悉，目前我国塑料工业市场年需求总额为5000亿元，主要还是采用石油基合成树脂为原料，绝大部分材料难以降解。世界各国在积极开发塑料回收再利用技术的同时，研究开发生物塑料已成为塑料加工业的热点，是目前国际上新兴的朝阳产业。     

可生物降解塑料薄膜

叙述了可生物降解塑料薄膜的成型工艺、材料选择及毒性研究。     

十六烷基二甲基(2-亚硫酸)乙基铵生物降解及协同阻垢缓蚀效应

采用微生物摇床法、静态阻垢法和旋转挂片失重法对十六烷基二甲基（2-亚硫酸）乙基铵的生物降解性及与阻垢缓蚀剂的协同阻垢、缓蚀性进行了研究。结果表明，十六烷基二甲基（2-亚硫酸）乙基铵具有较好的生物降解性，与常用阻垢缓蚀剂复配有协同增效作用。     

淀粉基降解塑料的研究进展

简单介绍淀粉的基本性质，综述淀粉基可降解塑料的研究现状，指出了淀粉塑料目前存在的问题及发展方向。     

反渗透阻垢剂的研究进展

本文介绍了有机磷类阻垢剂和高聚物类阻垢剂的研究进展及其阻垢机理和优缺点，详细描述了绿色阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸的合成、阻垢性能及复配聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢、缓蚀性能，并对其生物降解性进行了介绍。     

固定化微生物细胞降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

The biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） using immobilized microbial cells was carded out in an internal airlift loop reactor with ceramic honeycomb supports. A strain that is capable of degrading DBP was isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA sequential analysis. Bacillus sp. could be rapidly attached onto the ceramic honeycomb supports. The immobilized cells could effectively degrade DBP in batch and continuous experiments. When the influent concentration of DBP was 50mg·L^-1, the effluent DBP reached less than lmg.L i with 6h hydraulic retention time （HRT） in continuous experiment. The immobilized microbial cells could grow and accumulate through the biodegradation of DBP, and the rate of degradation is accordingly increased. The possible pathway of DBP biodegradation using immobilized cells was tentatively proposed.     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及其降解稠油特性

以稠油为唯一碳源,从被稠油污染过的土壤中筛选到一株高效石油烃降解茵,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定确认其为枯草芽孢杆茵.在摇瓶实验中,该菌最佳降解温度为35～45℃,最佳pH值为7.5～8.5,最佳盐质量浓度为8～16 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,当油质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,稠油降解率达34.3%.利用GC-nD分析知,该茵主要降解稠油中n-C9～n-C40的烷烃组分;利用GC-MS分析得知,该茵对蔡及烷基化萘去除彻底,对二苯并噻吩、芴和稠二萘等部分芳烃类化合物有降解作用,在稠油降解过程中菲及菲的衍生物有所增加.     

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.