In Situ FTIR Study of the Formation of an Organosilane Layer at the Silica/Solution Interface

An FTIR experiment especially designed to study the growth of an organosilane layer at the interface between a solution and a flat silica surface is presented. High sensitivity is achieved by using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique in a liquid flow cell. The ATR crystal, either silicon or germanium, is covered with a very thin silica layer. Chemical reactions of a mono-and a di-hydrolyzable silane with the silica substrate have been investigated. The grafting of a submonolayer of the first reagent has been monitored by following the C-H and SiO-H vibrations. The density of grafted molecules has been estimated and information on the nature of the chemical bonding has been achieved. Evidence for the chain-polymerization of the dihydrolyzable silane at the substrate/solution interface has been inferred from the appearance of a Si-O-Si absorption band.     

添加剂对焦粉型焦性能的影响

分析了热压成型及冷压成型方法的优劣。选择增强剂、固化防水剂等添加剂对水玻璃粘合剂进行改性,研究了添加剂对型焦性能的影响。实验结果表明,焦粉成型添加剂加入量为:水玻璃粘合剂12%,增强剂0.2%,固化防水剂0.3%,成型焦球生(干)型焦落下强度、生(干)型焦压缩强度、耐水性、热稳定性、反应活性等性能可满足工业生产的工艺要求。     

焦炭反应性与反应后强度的关系及其影响因素探讨

为了很好地预测焦炭在高炉中的反应行为,对大量的焦炭进行了检测及数据的分析,说明焦炭反应性与反应后强度之间有良好的负相关性;对焦炭冷态强度与热态性能之间进行了对比,建议焦化企业在保证焦炭的冷态强度合格的同时,更要关注焦炭的热态性能指标;对影响焦炭反应性与反应后强度的反应温度、碱金属、钝化剂等因素进行了试验,指出在生产中应严格控制高炉操作温度,并在按国标方法测定时,加入一定浓度的碱类,以模拟高炉生产的实际过程。提出熄焦时采用一定浓度的硼砂溶液喷洒焦炭,可改善焦炭的热性能。     

磷矿的反应活性及其评价方法研究

介绍评价磷矿反应活性的实验装置;用磷矿在一定浓度酸液中,在一定温度、一定反应时间下的分解率表示磷矿的反应活性。实验研究了不同因素对磷矿反应活性的影响,并测试了11种磷矿的反应活性指数及抗硫酸的阻缓性能。评价方法与实验结果均具有参考价值。     

Experimental and theoretical investigation on unburned coal char burnout in a pilot-scale rotary kiln

Oxidation reactivity studies are imperative for improving carbon re-burn technologies and valuing the heat content of unburned carbon within coal combustion ashes. Non-isothermal, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to examine the oxidation kinetics of unburned carbon in coal combustion fly ashes having different particle size distributions; TGA results were related to combustion efficiencies as measured in a bench-scale rotary kiln. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined for the chemically-controlled reaction regime; the transition temperatures between chemically-controlled and partially diffusion-controlled combustion regimes were obtained for unburned carbon particles of different sizes. After the oxidation reaction rates were evaluated, the residence time distribution (RTD) of fly ashes in the rotary kiln were experimentally measured and the mean residence times related to process parameters, including the rotating velocity and kiln inclination. By comparing these results with an advective-dispersive model, the axial dispersion coefficient of fly ashes was determined. The reaction rates obtained by thermal analyses and the RTDs were used to predict combustion efficiencies within the kiln and oxidation conditions of unburned carbon using various processing options.     

烯唑醇的合成研究

选用氯甲特丁酮与1H－1，2，4－三唑反应，生成物再与2，4－二氯苯甲醛反应，生成Z－酮衍生物，经异构化，还原反应，即得烯唑醇（E体）。     

Aspects of gasification and structure in cokes from coals

Cokes were prepared from nine coals of different rank and characterized by surface area measurement, reactivity to carbon dioxide at 1473K and Raman-laser spectroscopy. Rates of gasification of cokes on a unit surlface area basis (K¹ = g m^?2 min^?1) decreased with increasing rank of parent coal based on maximum oil reflectances. However rates of gasification could not be related to coke structure as measured by Raman-laser spectroscopy.     

利用神木不粘性块煤炼制炭质还原剂

本文介绍利用神木不粘结性块煤炼制优质铁合金专用焦，通过对块焦的筛分组成分析、工业分析和灰分分析，焦炭的反应性能、比电阻、强度、石墨化程度研究，证明该煤炼制的块焦具有比电阻高，灰分、硫、磷、铝和高温下石墨化程度低的优点。该焦可代替冶金焦冶炼铁合金。