蜂胶中有效成分的提取及其抗氧化性能的研究

研究了用乙醇提取蜂胶中有效成分的工艺条件，并对其进行了抗氧化性能的研究。经响应面优化的试验结果表明最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度为94．51％，提取温度为34．44℃，提取时间为33．86h，料液比为1：15．91。抗氧化试验表明蜂胶的乙醇提取物(EEP)可有效地延缓油脂脂质过氧化反应，通过与维生素E和茶多酚进行比较，其抗氧化性能明显优于二者，表明蜂胶的乙醇提取物是一种很有潜力的天然、安全、高效的油脂抗氧化剂。     

蜂胶制剂对胆汁分泌的影响

采用蜂胶制剂、蜂胶与中药甘草、白芍配伍制成的复合制剂，进行利胆试验，探讨蜂胶制剂对动物消化液分泌的影响，实验结果证明：蜂胶制剂，尤其是复合蜂胶制剂能促进胆汁等消化液的分泌。     

Effect of water-soluble propolis administration on the ethanol-induced hangover in rats

Water soluble propolis was prepared using β–cyclodextrin, and its effect on an ethanol-induced hangover was examined in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats fed with ethanol. When SD rats were administrated with propolis 30 min after ethanol feeding, ethanol content in the rat serum decreased 2.1 times 1 h after ethanol feeding. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in rat liver increased 3.0 and 4.4 times, respectively, 1 h after ethanol feeding and administration of propolis 30 min after ethanol feeding. There were no differences in the expression of ADH and ALDH genes regardless of propolis administration. These results indicated that a decrease in ethanol content in the serum was not due to an increase in the expression of ADH or ALDH genes but rather, an increase in activities of ADH and ALDH.     

The specific chemical profile of Mediterranean propolis from Malta

Seventeen Maltese propolis samples were studied by GC–MS after silylation. They exhibited the typical Mediterranean chemical profile, rich in diterpene compounds (18–92% of TIC, GC–MS): 32 individual diterpenes were identified; 22 of them were present in each specimen. The other abundant compound group was that of sugars and sugar derivatives. In some samples, however, another compound group was observed (0–12% of TIC, GC–MS); the corresponding mass spectra were consistent with mono- and sesquiterpenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids. Two new propolis constituents of this group, daucane diterpene esters of hydroxybenzoic acids, were isolated. Their origin is suggested to be Ferula communis, as they are taxonomic markers for this species. All propolis samples were active against Staphylococcus aureus but only those with high concentrations of terpenyl esters showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The present results confirm that Mediterranean propolis is a valuable natural product with potential to improve human health.     

不同生产工艺蜂胶中重金属含量分析比较

目的了解不同加工工艺的蜂胶加工品对去除原胶中有害重金属的效果。方法采用微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定两种蜂胶加工品中的4种有害重金属(铅、镉、总汞、总砷)含量并测定3个浓度的加标回收率。结果 4种元素标准曲线相关系数均在0.999以上,加标回收率乙醇萃取法在83.8%～114.2%,超临界萃取法在72.6%～108.5%之间,采用超临界萃取法加工蜂胶中铅、镉、总砷含量明显低于采用乙醇萃取法加工蜂胶,总汞含量在两种加工工艺中均未检出。结论在有害重金属含量的食品安全性上超临界萃取法的加工工艺优于乙醇萃取法。     

蜂胶黄酮及其功效成分对脂代谢的调节作用

目的 研究蜂胶黄酮及其功效成分对脂质代谢紊乱的调节作用及机制.方法 建立高脂血症大鼠模型,研究蜂胶黄酮对大鼠血脂水平及脂质代谢关键酶活性的影响;同时,在体外观察蜂胶黄酮功效成分对胰岛素抵抗的改善作用.结果 蜂胶黄酮可显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平(P＜0.05);在体外试验中,蜂胶黄酮可上调肝酯酶(HL)和7α-羟化酶(7CYP7A1)的活性水平(P＜0.05);在胰岛素抵抗的L6肌管细胞中,蜂胶黄酮功效成分7-甲基白杨素、槲皮素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷和咖啡酸可明显提高细胞对葡萄糖的消耗(P ＜0.05);7-甲基白杨素0.4 μg/ml以及槲皮素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷10 μg/ml能显著降低L6肌管细胞对游离脂肪酸(FFA)的摄取.结论 蜂胶黄酮可有效改善脂质代谢紊乱,其作用机制可能是增强脂质代谢关键酶活性以及改善胰岛素抵抗状况.     

巴西绿蜂胶软胶囊的配方工艺研究

目的：通过研究蜂胶软胶囊胶皮、内容物配方制备工艺,确定最佳生产配方及工艺。方法：使用不同型号明胶、调整甘油、内容物助悬剂比例,筛选配方,从而确定制备工艺。结果：使用明胶 180(骨胶),当温度升到80℃时投入明胶。经过溶胶,抽真空除气泡,过滤,将胶液粘度控制在2.4～2.9万CP。内容物配方增加6.0%蜂蜡,经搅拌研磨除气泡后,保温38～40℃,进行压制。所得胶囊无大小头、凸头、变形等,胶囊内容物无分层,胶囊上下夹缝良好无漏油等现象。生产工艺可行。结论：生产工艺稳定可行,胶囊在室温情况下保存24个月,胶囊无分层、漏油现象。     

Antioxidant activity of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis

Antioxidant activities of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis were determined by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods, using α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as references. The DPPH assay showed that ethanol extract possessed significantly higher activity compared with BHT and petroleum ether extract but lower than that of α-tocopherol. Results from the FTC assay indicated that the activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of α-tocopherol and petroleum ether extract but lower than BHT. Basically, this antioxidant activity was dose-dependent and ethanol extract exhibited higher activity than that of petroleum ether extract at the same concentration. Additionally, the chemical constituents of propolis were determined, and results showed that the propolis contained high content of antioxidant compositions, such as flavonoids (73.00 g kg⁻¹), total phenolic compounds (134.40 g kg⁻¹), and Vitamin E (0.16 g kg⁻¹), which contributed greatly to its strong antioxidant activity.     

Correlation analysis between phenolic levels of Brazilian propolis extracts and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

Propolis extracts are currently used for the treatment of oronasal infections and as antioxidant agents. Ethanolic commercial Brazilian propolis extracts were assayed for their ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and also for their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals. These activities were correlated with their total phenolic and flavonoid levels. In one group of extracts there was a strong linear relationship between total phenol contents and the measured activities, while in the other group this relationship was weaker. It was also found that flavonoid levels had a greater influence on the antioxidant activity of these extracts than on their antimicrobial profiles.     

Characterization of honey from different floral sources. Its functional properties and effects of honey species on storage of meat

The antioxidative effects of honey species and their related products were evaluated using a lipid peroxidation model system. The antioxidant activities of honey species gradually decreased with passage of time. Buckwheat honey was as effective as 1 mM α-tocopherol. Superoxide-scavenging activities of propolis and royal jelly were strongest among the honey species tested. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability of sample species were lower than those of 1 mM ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was very high in all honeys (over 77% inhibition). From the results of the bacterial test on storage of meat and muscle, each honey exhibited the inhibition of bacterial growth. In particular, propolis and royal jelly exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects against bacterial growth. This suggests that honey species from different floral sources possess strong antioxidative and antibacterial activities and are scavengers of active oxygen species.