丙烯酸/丙烯酸甲酯无规共聚物的性质研究及其表征

本研究以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为共聚单体,以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原体系引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂,以水为溶剂,采用溶液聚合方法合成了P(AA-MA)无规共聚物。采用表面张力仪、热分析仪对共聚物的表面张力和热力学性质进行分析,利用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜对共聚物的结构和形貌进行了表征。     

邻氨基苯甲酸与氯化稀土配合物的固相合成及性质研究

应用固相反应法合成了稀土氯化物与邻氨基苯甲酸的配合物。对配合物进行了组成分析及热谱分析,确定了配合物组成为[RE(LH)2(L)C12]·6H2O(RE:Nd,Eu,Tb;LH:C6H4(NH2)COOH;L:C6H4(NH2)COO-)。通过IR光谱、紫外光谱及摩尔电导的测定推测了配位情况。溶解性实验表明配合物可溶于乙醇,但不溶于水。荧光光谱实验表明,固相反应合成的Tb3+配合物有较好的荧光性能。粒径测量表明:固相合成的配合物[Nd(LH)2(L)Cl2]·6H2O达到纳米级水平。     

乙酸生产现状与市场分析

介绍了国内外乙酸的生产现状及消费结构,并对乙酸的生产技术及经济作了分析比较。     

Photocatalytic mineralisation of organic compounds: a comparison of flame-made TiO2 catalysts

A comparative photocatalytic analysis was carried out on TiO₂ made in a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process and flame-made Degussa P25. Both have similar crystallinity, phase composition, phase segregation and a non-porous surface. Hence comparison was made based on their difference in specific surface area, organic adsorption and the amount of OH• generated upon illumination. The photocatalytic activity tests were carried out using the following series of organic compounds: sucrose, glucose, fructose, maleic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, isobutyric acid, phenol and methanol. FSP-made TiO₂ outperformed P25 for saccharides mineralisation, while for phenol and methanol mineralisation P25 was better than FSP-made TiO₂. Similar mineralisation rates were observed for both FSP-made and P25 TiO₂ for the mineralisation of carboxylic acids. This shows that the relative performance of the photocatalysts depends on the type of organic compounds to be degraded. The high surface area and possibly a more efficient interfacial charge transfer of FSP-made TiO₂ provided an efficient pathway for saccharides mineralisation. As for phenol and methanol, the mineralisation rates were higher when using P25 due to the greater amount of OH• radicals generated by this photocatalyst. The fast mineralisation rates of carboxylic acids made degradation of these organic compounds to be less affected by the TiO₂ photocatalyst properties and conditions tested in this work.     

Relationships between ammonia volatilization and nitrogen fertilizer application rate,intake and excretion of herbage nitrogen by cattle on grazed swards

Grazed pastures emit ammonia (NH₃) into the atmosphere; the size of the NH₃ loss appears to be related to nitrogen (N) application rate.The micrometeorological mass balance method was used to measure NH₃ volatilization from rotationally grazed swards on three plots in the autumn of 1989 and throughout the 1990 growing season. The aim of the research was to derive a mathematical relationship between NH₃ volatilization and N application rate, which would vary between soil type and weather conditions. In both years the plots received a total of 250, 400 or 550 kg N ha^–1 as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) split over 6 to 8 dressings. The number of grazing cycles ranged from 7 to 9 for the three N plots.In the last two grazing cycles of 1989, NH₃ losses were 3.8, 12.0 and 14.7 kg N ha^–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 5.3%, 13.9% and 14.4% of the amount of N excreted on the sward, respectively. In 1990, NH₃ losses were 9.1, 27.0 and 32.8 kg N ha^–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 3.3%, 6.9% and 6.9% of the N excreted, respectively. Differences in urine composition between the plots were relatively small. Rainfall and sward management affected the size of the NH₃ volatilization rate. Volatilization of NH₃ was related to N excretion and N application rate.A calculation procedure is given to enable the estimation of NH₃ volatilization from N application rate. Adjustments can be made for grazing efficiency, grazing selectivity, N retention in milk and liveweight gain, concentrate N intake and milking duration. Losses of NH₃ increase progressively with an increase in N application rate until herbage yield reaches a maximum at an application rate of about 500 kg N ha^–1 yr^–1.     

废紫铜催化制备氯化亚铜新工艺

介绍以废紫铜为原料，在催化剂作用下，铜直接同盐酸，空气中氧发生反应制备氯化亚铜的新工艺，试验确定了最佳反应条件，产品质量达到了GB1619－79的标准要求，该工艺具有原料消耗少，反应速度快，流程短，操作简单，生成成本低等特点。     

3,5-二氯苯甲酸的合成

考察了在以邻氨基苯甲酸为原料，三氯化铁为催化剂，X为溶剂，直接通氯氯化，再经重氮化合物3，5－二氯苯甲酸的工艺过程中，物料配比，反应湿度等反应条件对收率的影响，确定了合成的适宜条件，通过此合成工艺，产品的收率可达85％以上。     

Gas-Chromatographic Analyses of the Subcaudal Gland Secretion of the European Badger (Meles meles) Part I: Chemical Differences Related to Individual Parameters

In many species, chemical signals are important in the context of intraspecific communication. European badgers (Meles meles) use the secretion of their subcaudal gland to mark both the environment and conspecifics. In this paper, we investigated the chemical composition of subcaudal gland secretions and how it varies among individuals according to group membership, season, sex, age, body condition, and reproductive status. We analyzed 66 samples by gas chromatography using a mass-spectrometer as detector. We found 110 different components, of which 21 were present in every profile. The chemical composition of the secretions proved to be highly individual-specific, but no single peak was found to be typical for one of the investigated categories (season, sex, etc.). Analyses of the relative area (% area) that every peak contributed to the overall profile area showed that, in general, group members have more similar profiles than do badgers from different groups. Composition varied over seasons and between sexes and was influenced by age, body condition, and reproductive status. We, therefore, conclude that the secretion not only encodes group membership and individuality as previously assumed, but might also convey information about fitness-related parameters.     

固体酸催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

论述了利用对甲苯磺酸，磺化苯磷酸锆，六水三氯化铁，氧化亚锡，十二水合硫酸铁铵，一水硫酸氢钠，固体超强酸和杂多酸等各种固体催化剂催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯的方法。研究发现：各种催化剂的催化效果良好，酯收率达74％以上，有的甚至达97.8％。同时对各种催化剂的催化机理进行了初步探讨，对各种固体酸的催化效果也进行了比较。     

亚苄基海因水解制备苯丙酮酸过程的色-质联用分析

针对亚苄基海因水解体系建立了一种高效实用的液相色谱分析方法,为生产工艺控制提供了依据,并应用液-质联用技术对此体系中的未知副产物进行了初步检测。具体液相色谱条件为:流动相:乙腈 -5mmol·L-1乙酸盐缓冲液(用醋酸调pH4 5 ),流速 0 5mL·L-1;梯度洗脱;色谱柱:AgilentEclipseXDB-C8, 5μm, 4 6×150mm, 20℃;二极管阵列检测器,检测波长: 204nm。色-质联用中质谱条件为:ESI离子源,负离子模式;气帘气流量1 03×105 Pa,电喷雾电压-4 200V,离子源温度 500℃,辅助雾化气 1 37×105 Pa,干燥气 4 13×105 Pa,相对分子质量检测范围:m/z40~600。液相色谱法测定亚苄基海因和苯丙酮酸的线性相关系数为0 999 05和0 999 86,亚苄基海因和苯丙酮酸的平均回收率为 101 45 %和 97 23 %,相对标准偏差为 1 002%和0 833 8%。精密度以相对标准偏差来表示,分别为0 591 9 % 和0 648 2 %。结果表明,该液相色谱分析方法简便、快速,结果准确,可以用于苯丙酮酸生产的质量控制。