阻燃剂三季戊四醇磷酸酯/聚磷酸铵的热解与成炭机理

将阻燃剂三季戊四醇磷酸酯——三(1-氧代-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷-4-亚甲基)磷酸酯(简称Trimer)和聚磷酸铵(APP)均匀混合,制得复合阻燃剂Trimer/APP;采用TG,FTIR,XPS等方法研究了Trimer/APP的热解成炭机理。表征及分析结果表明,Trimer与APP之间的相互作用促进二者交联成炭,导致800℃时的残炭量较多;Trimer与APP混合后,热解过程中出现明显的膨胀现象,且在较低温度下即可明显地脱水成炭,有利于提高高聚物的阻燃性能;APP催化Trimer脱水成炭,APP中N元素增强了碳质化合物的热稳定性;APP的存在改变了Trimer的热解过程,且在高温下生成耐热的P—O—N键和C—N键,使其高温残炭量明显提高。     

Green and Effective Ammonium Carbonate-assisted Process for Drying Hemicellulose Obtained through Alkali Extraction of Bleached Bamboo Kraft Pulp

Hemicellulose has a wide range of applications,including that as an emulsifier for the food industry and raw material for the synthesis of bioethanol/biochemicals and biodegradable films.Hemicellulose is usually present as a spent liquor,such as the prehydrolysis liquor of the prehydrolysis kraft dissolving pulp production process and the alkali extraction liquor of the cold caustic extraction of pulp fibers.Due to its dilute nature,hemicellulose needs to be dried for practical utilization,and this is challenging.In this study,cellulose and hemicellulose in a bleached bamboo kraft pulp were separated using an alkali extraction process.Hemicellulose obtained from the extraction liquor was dried by an ammonium carbonate-assisted drying process.The effects of drying time and drying temperature were determined.Structure of the hemicellulose obtained by the ammonium carbonate-assisted drying process was similar to that of original hemicellulose,as revealed by detailed Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses.The novel drying method was more energy efficient and required a shorter drying time than the conventional freeze drying method,and the excellent solubility in alkaline solutions favored the chemical modification of hemicellulose.The dried hemicellulose can be used as a renewable raw material for the preparation of hydrogels and other substances such as bioethanol/biochemicals and biodegradable films.     

两种粗提纯法对纤溶酶纯化效果的比较研究

采用硫酸铵盐析法及乙醇沉淀法对海洋枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的纯化效果进行比较研究,得到的最佳纯化方案为：取一定体积的纤溶酶发酵液进行预处理,再进行分段盐析及分级沉淀,在分段盐析中,30％和70％饱和度的硫酸铵分别用于去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶,最后进行碱处理及超滤除盐;在分级沉淀中,最佳乙醇沉淀时间为1.5h,去除杂蛋白和沉淀纤溶酶的乙醇体积比分别为25％和165％,最后将两种方法得到的粗提液进行冷冻干燥,硫酸铵法的酶活回收率为83.52％,纯化倍数为1.42,冻干粉得率为4.812 g/L,单位酶活为76 755.82IU/g;乙醇纯沉淀法的酶活回收率为89.7％,纯化倍数为1.72,冻干粉得率为7.611 g/L,单位酶活为137 190.57 IU/g,该结果表明乙醇沉淀法对纤溶酶的粗提效果要优于硫酸铵盐析法.     

OCC制浆造纸污泥基础特性的研究

对OCC制浆造纸污泥的基础特性(包括含水率、pH值、污泥颗粒粒径分布)以及污泥中灰分、有机物、粗纤维、木素等化学组分的含量进行了分析;并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)等分别对污泥的微观形态、元素组成、化学特性、热解特性等理化性能进行了研究,同时探讨了OCC制浆造纸污泥的资源化利用方向。结果表明,OCC制浆造纸污泥属于高灰分污泥,由大量的矿物填料(主要为CaCO3和少量高岭土)和有机物(主要为纤维素和木素)组成,其在造纸填料、热塑性材料复合填充剂、建筑材料(砖材、水泥等)、土地改良、园林绿化、垃圾填埋厂覆盖材料等领域有一定的应用前景。     

从木素结构的变化看荻乙醇制浆机理

通过IR、1H-NMR技术初步研究了荻自催化乙醇制浆中木素结构的变化.结果表明,制浆过程中,木素结构被破坏程度较小,黑液中木素仍含有大量活性基因(羟基).MWL和CL(从黑液中提取的木素)两者结构变化较小,反应过程中紫丁香基结构单元(S型)和对羟苯基结构单元(H型)木素易被脱除,并伴有木素α-O-4醚键的断裂.     

大米过氧化氢酶活性的2种测定方法比较

为探讨钼酸铵比色法测定大米中过氧化氢酶活性与粮油检验现行国家标准中的高锰酸钾滴定法的差异,选择6个不同产地大米用2种方法测定进行了多组测定比较。测定数据分析表明,6个产地样本过氧化氢酶活动度(mgH2O2/g)最低值组8.05,最高值组13.88。钼酸铵法测定的酶活动度总体平均值为11.66,略高于高锰酸钾滴定法的酶活动度总体平均值10.22。从测定方法的稳定性方面,高锰酸钾法测定6组内平均差值为5.78,钼酸铵法为3.44,钼酸铵法稳定性明显好于高锰酸钾法,更能反映不同样本间的差异。6个产地的大米中,偏北方产地样品过氧化氢酶活动度略高于偏南方产地样品,2种方法测定值呈现极显著相关性(2批测定分别为r=0.706**;r=0.702**P0.01)。     

4-甲氧基-N-(2-N,′N′-二甲基氨基乙基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺烯丙基缩水甘油醚季铵盐的合成与光学性质

以4-B r-1,8-萘酐为起始原料,合成得到标题化合物,中间体及产物的结构采用质谱、核磁共振氢谱等测试技术进行了结构表征。对该荧光单体的紫外光谱、荧光光谱等性质进行了初步的研究。     

Self-stratifying antimicrobial polyurethane coatings

In this work antimicrobial polyurethane coatings were prepared aiming at self-stratification. A hydroxyl end-capped liquid oligoester consisting of three equimolar diacids and an excess of 1,4-butanediol has been synthesized by a condensation reaction. A set of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) which are well known contact killers, was synthesized via a straightforward quaternization reaction. These synthesized precursors were later covalently bonded to the polymer network by addition of a polyisocyanate crosslinker resulting in antimicrobial polyurethane coatings. Self-stratification was confirmed by dynamic contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The final films showed strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli type bacteria.     

十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵对生物除磷的影响研究

利用静态研究了十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)对生物除磷的影响,通过设置不同DDBAC含量及空白对照对好氧吸磷和厌氧释磷进行了分析.结果表明,厌氧初始COD在400mg·L-1左右时,随着DDBAC负荷的增加,系统释磷能力增强;随着DDBAC含量的增加,吸磷速率降低直至丧失了吸磷特性;DDBAC的存在对生物除磷系...