Comparative Study of Isolated Polysaccharides from Triploid Poplar Using Different Solvents and Chemicals

The conversion of lignocellulose to value-added products is normally focused on fuel production; however, large-scale biorefineries require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate the three main constituents of lignocellulose for the production of chemicals, fuels, and materials. In this study, a hemicellulosic biopolymer from poplar was fractionated by a mild organosolv process and the effects of various chemicals (sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, and formic acid) and alcohols on the fractionation efficiency and structural variation of hemicellulose were examined. Comparative studies indicated that an acidic catalyst decreased the purity of hemicelluloses by partial degradation of cellulose, and the core of the hemicellulosic biomacromolecule could be released and dissolved under alkaline conditions with 5.8%~19.0% yields. In addition, the use of alcohol with longer alkyl chains facilitated the release of the hemicellulosic biomacromolecule by partially cleaving the ether bonds in the lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC); this is probably due to steric hindrance. The thermal degradation behavior showed that complete pyrolysis was easily achieved for the hemicellulosic polymer with minimal branches irrespective of its molecular weight.     

饮料酒副产物生物炼制综述

回顾了饮料酒副产物的产生来源及其主要成分,总结了国内外发酵副产物酒糟和原料副产物葡萄皮渣和苹果皮渣等的应用技术与应用成果,包括作为食品配料、作为生物炼制碳源或氮源、提取功能成分、生产有机肥等等.从国际趋势看,应用废弃物实施生物炼制和生产有机肥具有广阔的应用前景.     

微生物转化粗甘油制备高附加值产品的研究进展

随着生物柴油产业的发展,其主要副产物粗甘油的产量也逐年增加。大量粗甘油的产生不仅给环境造成了污染,也使精制甘油的市场价格大幅度下降。甘油是一种稳定的多功能化合物,可用作精细化工合成的基本原料。利用微生物转化甘油生产各种生物基化学品,因其具有绿色环保、可持续发展等特点,越来越受到人们的重视。本文简单介绍了甘油经微生物发酵的有氧代谢途径和厌氧代谢途径,重点分析了微生物发酵技术在粗甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇、生物乙醇、乳酸、1,3-二羟基丙酮的应用,旨在为平台化合物的工业化生产提供参考。     

Aufbau eines Bioraffineriekonzeptes für Biertreber mit vorgelagertem Pressschritt

This work proposes a biorefinery concept for brewers' spent grain where, in contrast to existing concepts, water‐soluble components are separated by pressing. Subsequently, the obtained liquid is used for lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. The structural carbohydrates of the residue are converted into fermentable sugars by hydrothermal and enzymatic pretreatments. Lower amounts of inhibitory compounds for microbial growth are observed after the removal of soluble components than without removal.     

Proximal composition,bioactive compounds and biorefinery approach in potato tubers of Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja: a review

Potato tubers of Group Phureja have a great relevance in terms of production and consumer acceptance in the Andean countries. However, its proximal characteristics, nutritional value and bioactive compounds have been scarcely known. For the first time, this work aims to give an overview on tubers of Group Phureja characteristics, including research works from 1993 to 2019. When analysing the micronutrients and bioactive analytes, sodium, niacin and carotenoid contents are higher as compared to those of the Group Tuberosum. Likewise, the application of a biorefinery approach for the valorisation of Group Phureja wastes was proposed. These wastes may come from tubers that fail to meet quality parameters or by processing potato products. The possibility of obtaining useful compounds for the food, feed, materials, energy and chemical industries is described. The strategy of valorisation of wastes was focused on the production of starch and proteins, previously reported with important technological properties.     

Deactivation kinetics of a HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst treated with alkali for the transformation of bio‐ethanol into hydrocarbons

The kinetics of deactivation by coke of a HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst in the transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons has been studied. To attenuate deactivation, the following treatments have been carried out: (i) the zeolite has been subjected to a treatment with alkali to reduce the acid strength of the sites and (ii) it has subsequently been agglomerated into a macro and meso‐porous matrix of bentonite and alumina. The experimental study has been conducted in a fixed bed reactor under the following conditions: temperature, between 300 and 400°C; pressure, 1 atm; space‐time, up to 1.53 (g of catalyst) h (g of ethanol)^?1; particle size of the catalyst, between 0.3 and 0.6 mm; feed flowrate, 0.16 cm³ min^?1 of ethanol+water and 30 cm³ (NC) min^?1 of N₂; water content in the feed, up to 75 wt %; time on stream, up to 31 h. The expression for deactivation kinetics is dependent on the concentration of hydrocarbons and water in the reaction medium (which attenuates the deactivation) and, together with the kinetics at zero time on stream, allows the calculation of the evolution with time on stream of the yields and distribution of products (ethylene, propylene and butenes, C₁‐C₃ paraffins, and C₄‐C₁₂). By increasing the temperature in the 300–400°C range the role of ethylene on coke deposition is more significant than that of the other hydrocarbons (propylene, butenes and C₄‐C₁₂), which contribute to a greater extent to the formation of coke at 300°C. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 526–537, 2012.     

Economic Assessment of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waxes as Part of a Maize Stover Biorefinery

To date limited work has focused on assessing the economic viability of scCO₂ extraction to obtain waxes as part of a biorefinery. This work estimates the economic costs for wax extraction from maize stover. The cost of manufacture (COM) for maize stover wax extraction was found to be €88.89 per kg of wax, with the fixed capital investment (FCI) and utility costs (C_UT) contributing significantly to the COM. However, this value is based solely on scCO₂ extraction of waxes and does not take into account the downstream processing of the biomass following extraction. The cost of extracting wax from maize stover can be reduced by utilizing pelletized leaves and combusting the residual biomass to generate electricity. This would lead to an overall cost of €10.87 per kg of wax (based on 27% combustion efficiency for electricity generation) and €4.56 per kg of wax (based on 43% combustion efficiency for electricity generation). A sensitivity analysis study showed that utility costs (cost of electricity) had the greatest effect on the COM.     

Chemicals, Energy, and Biomaterials from Agricultural Waste Resources in South China

Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes during agricultural as well as associated industrial processing.The efficient utilization of these wastes will have a significant impact on the economy and sustainable development of South China.This paper reviews the research investigations conducted both in China and elsewhere on the conversion of wastes from these subtropical or tropical agricultural crops into useful chemicals,energy,and biomaterials.The goal of this paper is to promote and summarize the extensive investigations on these agricultural wastes for the development of biorefinery.