玉米芯生物炼制研究进展

生物炼制是一种利用农业废弃物、植物基淀粉和木质纤维素材料为原料,生产各种化学品、燃料和生物基材料的新型技术。概述了利用生物炼制技术用玉米芯生产糠醛、木糖、木糖醇、低聚木糖和燃料酒精等一系列高附加值产品的研究进展。     

葡萄酒泥高价值产物开发及生物炼制研究概况

文章综述了葡萄酒泥中具开发潜力的高价值产物研究,以及可实现酒泥全面利用的生物炼制研究概况,分析了限制中国葡萄酒泥工业化开发利用的原因并提出了建议。     

Algal biorefinery-based industry: an approach to address fuel and food insecurity for a carbon-smart world

Food and fuel production are intricately interconnected. In a carbon-smart society, it is imperative to produce both food and fuel sustainably. Integration of the emerging biorefinery concept with other industries can bring many environmental deliverables while mitigating several sustainability-related issues with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel usage, land use change for fuel production and future food insufficiency. A new biorefinery-based integrated industrial ecology encompasses the different value chain of products, coproducts, and services from the biorefinery industries. This paper discusses a framework to integrate the algal biofuel-based biorefinery, a booming biofuel sector, with other industries such as livestock, lignocellulosic and aquaculture. Using the USA as an example, this paper also illustrates the benefits associated with sustainable production of fuel and food. Policy and regulatory initiatives for synergistic development of the algal biofuel sector with other industries can bring many sustainable solutions for the future existence of mankind.     

以植物油为原料发展我国生物柴油炼油厂的探讨

以生物质资源为原料发展生物炼油厂，是炼油和石化工业实现可持续发展的一条重要途径。在介绍了国外以玉米为原料发展生物炼油厂设想的基础上，根据我国国情，提出了以植物油为原料发展生物柴油炼油厂的设想，分析了国内发展这种生物炼油厂的意义，并讨论了可能出现的一些问题及解决方法。认为在国家政策的激励和支持下，生物炼油厂在我国必将得到快速发展。     

A multiobjective optimization framework for design of integrated biorefineries under uncertainty

A systematic approach for development of a reliable optimization framework to address the optimal design of integrated biorefineries in the face of uncertainty is presented. In the current formulation, a distributed strategy which is composed of different layers including strategic optimization, risk management, detailed mechanistic modeling, and operational level optimization is applied. In the strategic model, a multiobjective stochastic optimization approach is utilized to incorporate the tradeoffs between the cost and the financial risk. Then, Aspen Plus models are built to provide detailed simulation of biorefineries. In the final layer, an evolutionary algorithm is employed to optimize the operating condition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, a hypothetical case study referring to a multiproduct lignocellulosic biorefinery is utilized. The numerical results reveal the efficacy of the proposed approach; it provides decision makers with a quantitative analysis to determine the optimum capacity plan and operating conditions of the biorefinery. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3208–3222, 2015     

Pyrolysis of Banana and Coffee Residues after Acid Hydrolysis

The use of the residues from renewable feedstock, besides the production of fuels, but also for the generation of other chemicals products, has become a priority. Superior plants have considerable potential as carbohydrate, aryl and fatty acids sources. However, the separation of the main constituents of the samples is necessary for several purposes in the biorefinery concept. The acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis processes are very promising technology, however, some adjustments in the conditions of pyrolysis are needed for different biomasses since carbohydrates were detected （14%-17%） in the residues after the conventional acid hydrolysis of these uncommon biomasses （coffee husk and banana stem and stalk）. On the other hand, it was showed that, by pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain from the solid residue after acid hydrolysis： pyrogenic carbon （charcoal with a yield of 48.5%-52.7%） for agriculture use （biochar） and valuable chemicals in the pyrolysis oil biooil fraction （that accounted by 26.4%-29.0%, free of water）, such as lignin monomers （32.6%-56.4% of the bio-oil） and fatty acids （30%-52.5%）.     

Framework for margins-based planning: Forest biorefinery case study

The biorefinery concept offers a promising solution to transform the struggling forestry industry. Not only will the implementation of new products and processes help to diversify revenues, it will also offer an opportunity to change the manufacturing culture by better managing the flexibility of assets to react to volatile market conditions. In this paper, an integrated supply-chain planning framework is presented. It is based on optimizing a superstructure to help decision makers identify different supply-chain policies to adapt to different market conditions. It integrates revenue management concepts, activity-based cost accounting principles, manufacturing flexibility and supply-chain flexibility in a tactical model to maximize profit in a price-volatile environment. A case study of a newsprint mill implementing a parallel biomass fractionation line producing several biochemicals is used to illustrate this approach. Results and benefits are presented for the traditional pulp and paper business and for the transformed biorefinery in different market scenarios.     

Optimal processing pathway selection for microalgae-based biorefinery under uncertainty

We propose a systematic framework for the selection of optimal processing pathways for a microalgae-based biorefinery under techno-economic uncertainty. The proposed framework promotes robust decision making by taking into account the uncertainties that arise due to inconsistencies among and shortage in the available technical information. A stochastic mixed integer nonlinear programming (sMINLP) problem is formulated for determining the optimal biorefinery configurations based on a superstructure model where parameter uncertainties are modeled and included as sampled scenarios. The solution to the sMINLP problem determines the processing technologies, material flows, and product portfolio that are optimal with respect to all the sampled scenarios. The developed framework is implemented and tested on a specific case study. The optimal processing pathways selected with and without the accounting of uncertainty are compared with respect to different objectives.     

SO2-Ethanol-Water (SEW) Pulping: I. Lignin Determination in Pulps and Liquors

Abstract

Quantitative determination of lignin in SO₂-ethanol-water (SEW) pulps and spent liquors is described. The methods developed for conventional sulfite pulping are successfully applied to the SEW process. Linear correlations between Klason/total lignin content and kappa number are found over a wide pulp yield range for spruce, beech, and wheat straw. Lignin content of the spruce spent SEW liquors is determined using either hydrogen peroxide to remove SO₂ and dilution by 3% sulfuric acid or simply by dilution with 0.1M sodium hydroxide. The recommended wavelength is 280 nm. The experimentally found values for the extinction coefficient of dissolved lignin in 3% sulfuric acid and in 0.1M NaOH are 19 and 23 L/(g·cm), respectively. The interference of furanic compounds is eliminated by reduction with sodium borohydride.