工艺参数对淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料挤出发泡的影响

以淀粉和乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）为原料制备生物质发泡材料的过程中,工艺参数对复合发泡材料的生产制备有着很大的影响.研究了在制备淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料过程中螺杆转速对塑化形态的影响,喂料速度对制备过程的影响,模口温度对泡孔大小的影响和原料含水率对材料膨胀率的影响.研究发现：螺杆转速设置为120 r/min时,淀粉/EVA复合材料挤出物塑化效果最优;适当的喂料速度,可避免“架桥”“堵塞”现象;模口温度设置为160 ℃时,可配合发泡剂达到充分分解,使泡孔最大化;当原料含水率为14%时,复合发泡材料的膨胀率达最大值,为14.4%.     

纳米技术航天器的总体构想

基于纳米技术对未来航天器发展产生革命性影响的判断,提出了纳米技术航天器的概念,介绍了纳米技术航天器的基本概念、预期指标、总体构想和潜在应用,并以深空探测为例,重点针对纳米技术在解决深空探测器轻量化结构设计、能源供给、推进等问题的优势和原理,最后对纳米技术航天器研究的前景进行分析并提出发展建议。     

微波法合成纳米BaTi03及其表征

以TiCl4和BaCl2为主要原料,用微波法一步成功合成纳米BaTiO3,采用X射线衍射谱（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、漫反射吸收谱（DRS）、介电常数谱和热重一差热分析（TG-DTA）表征,XRD和SEM分析表明,合成的BaTiO3为纯的立方相纳米BaTiO3,颗粒大小均匀,分散性好,晶粒粒径在90nm左右;DRS和介电常数测试表明,纳米BaTiO3禁带宽度为3．4eV,具有良好的介电性能;TG-DTA和XRD测试表明,在400℃以前,纳米BaTiO3表面吸附的残余有机物质燃烧放热,有l-4％左右的热失重,对应在290℃左右有较强的放热峰;1000℃煅烧后才有部分立方相的BaTiO3转化成了四方相的BaTiO3,纳米BaTi03表现出了良好的热稳定性。     

Perpendicular Orientation of Anisotropic Au‐Tipped CdS Nanorods at the Air/Water Interface

Anisotropic CdS nanorods tipped by Au nanoparticles on one edge (Au‐CdS‐NRs) are perpendicularly oriented at the air/water interface, whereby all the Au tips are located in the subphase, using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Since these nano‐objects reveal light‐induced charge separation at the semiconductor/metal interface, it is of high interest to control their organization. The orientation of these assemblies is studied in situ while compressing the Langmuir–Blodgett trough using the π‐A isotherm, Brewster angle microscopy, and horizontal touch voltammetry. All these analyses clearly confirm the induced organization of the amphiphilic Au‐CdS‐NRs by compression of the Langmuir layer. The compressed layers are successfully transferred by the Langmuir–Schaefer method onto transmission electron microscopy grids while maintaining the preferential orientation as analyzed by transmission, scanning and scanning trasmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As far as can be determined, the Langmuir–Blodgett technique has not been used so far for perpendicularly orienting anisotropic nano‐objects. Moreover, these findings clearly demonstrate that anisotropic amphiphilic nano‐objects can be treated with some similarity to the traditional amphiphilic molecular building blocks.     

含能油墨配方设计及其在微孔装药中的应用

为优化微装药方法及设计合适的含能油墨配方,将喷墨打印装药和湿法压装两种装药方法结合起来,发现装药密度得到明显提高,装药均一性较好。采用激光点火方式,结合高速摄影和X射线衍射(XRD)等对微孔燃烧过程及其燃烧产物进行分析,获得了含能油墨中载体种类、纳米Al/Cu O含量和Φ值对微孔燃烧的影响规律。发现硝化棉(NC)不但有很好的油墨性能、装药性能,而且点火燃烧性能良好。得到以下结论:载体为NC且质量分数为7.5%,Al/Cu O的Φ值为1.6,初步测得最优配方下平均冲量约为145μN·s。     

鄂尔多斯盆地浅层大位移水平井钻井液体系优选

针对鄂尔多斯盆地浅层水平井钻井过程中的井壁稳定、井眼清洁、润滑减阻和储层保护的技术难题,通过分析储层的地质特征,在该区原用聚合物钻井液基础上,选择性加入MC-VIS、ABSN、纳米乳液和复合屏蔽暂堵剂,形成纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系,在保证施工安全的前提下,可将岩心渗透率恢复提高至83.50%。通过七平1井的应用表明,纳米乳液封堵钻井液体系能够满足低渗透油层大位移水平井的钻井施工需求,为高效开发鄂尔多斯盆地浅层油气藏提供技术支持。     

强抗钙强抑制改性淀粉的合成及性能评价

以淀粉和自制新型烯类单体为原料合成了改性淀粉接枝共聚物,并对该改性淀粉接枝共聚物性能进行了评价。结果表明,该改性淀粉在不同基浆中加量为2.0%~3.0%时,均可将滤失量控制在10 m L之内;抗温达130℃;尤其是具有强抗盐抗钙性能,抗氯化钠、氯化钙均可至饱和,并且随含盐量的增加,降滤失效果和提黏切能力反而增强。表观黏度上升率实验和黏土块浸泡实验结果表明,由于高含量阳离子基团的引入,该改性淀粉具有较好的抑制黏土水化分散性能。     

Intratumoral Thermal Reading During Photo‐Thermal Therapy by Multifunctional Fluorescent Nanoparticles

The tremendous development of nanotechnology is bringing us closer to the dream of clinical application of nanoparticles in photothermal therapies of tumors. This requires the use of specific nanoparticles that must be highly biocompatible, efficient light‐to‐heat converters and fluorescent markers. Temperature reading by the heating nanoparticles during therapy appears of paramount importance to keep at a minimum the collateral damage that could arise from undesirable excessive heating. In this work, this thermally controlled therapy is possible by using Nd³⁺ ion‐doped LaF₃ nanocrystals. Because of the particular optical features of Nd³⁺ ions at high doping concentrations, these nanoparticles are capable of in vivo photothermal heating, fluorescent tumor localization and intratumoral thermal sensing. The successful photothermal therapy experiments here presented highlight the importance of controlling therapy parameters based on intratumoral temperature measurements instead of on the traditionally used skin temperature measurements. In fact, significant differences between intratumoral and skin temperatures do exist and could lead to the appearance of excessive collateral damage. These results open a new avenue for the real application of nano­particle‐based photothermal therapy at clinical level.     

纳米ZnO和纳米MMT对低密度聚乙烯介电性能的影响

分别采用添加纳米ZnO和纳米蒙脱土(MMT)粒子的方法提高低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的介电性能,选择偶联剂对纳米粒子进行表面修饰,并利用熔融共混法制备了纳米ZnO/LDPE和纳米MMT/LDPE复合材料,通过XRD、FTIR和DSC对试样进行表征。研究了复合材料的交流击穿特性,对试样进行了空间电荷试验。结果表明:通过偶联剂修饰,纳米粒子与聚合物之间的界面结合得到改善,且纳米粒子在基体中的分散性更好;同时复合材料的结晶速率提高,结晶结构更完善;添加纳米粒子可以不同程度地提高LDPE的击穿场强,当纳米ZnO和纳米MMT的质量分数均为3wt%时,复合材料的击穿场强达到最大,分别比纯LDPE的击穿场强高出11.0%和10.3%;纳米ZnO和纳米MMT都有抑制空间电荷的作用,且ZnO的抑制效果更明显。     

基于淀粉直接改性的热塑性淀粉塑料研究进展

综述了近年来淀粉经改性后用于热塑性淀粉塑料领域的研究进展。根据淀粉的改性方法不同,主要综述了淀粉氧化改性、酯化改性、醚化改性、交联改性以及聚氨酯改性后对所制备的热塑性淀粉塑料性能的影响,归纳和总结了最新的研究成果并提出展望。