影响陶瓷餐具中温釉铅溶出量几个因素的探析

对陶瓷餐具中温釉在配方、熔块制各、氧化物、着色剂添加量、烧成方式和烧成温度几方面的试验，分析和探讨了以上因素对陶瓷餐具中温釉铅溶出量的影响，提出了在陶瓷中温釉生产中应该注意及改进的几个方法。     

Preparation and Kinetic Considerations for the Dissolution of Cr‐substituted Iron Oxides in Reductive‐complexing Formulations

The dissolution rate coefficients of Cr‐substituted (0‐20 at.% Cr) iron oxides viz. hematite and magnetite were determined by using an inverse cubic rate (ICR) law applicable for spherical particles as well as by a general kinetic equation (GKE) applicable for polydispersed particles. An attempt is made to compare both the treatments for different kinds of dissolution profiles obtained by employing oxides with narrow particle size distribution in V(II)‐EDTA and citric acid‐EDTA‐ascorbic acid formulations at 353±5K. The dissolution profiles could be classified into three types based on the nature of oxide and formulations. It is observed that both ICR and GKE treat the dissolution course as a function of decrease in fraction of undissolved mass, m/m₀. The dissolution rate coefficients determined by ICR and GKE have shown the similar trend of decrease with increasing Cr content of the oxides and was ascribed to lattice stabilization.     

微晶纤维素的溶解及其阻燃性能

以氯代1-氨甲酰甲基-3-乙烯基咪唑离子液体([CmVIM]Cl)和四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)为溶剂,溶解微晶纤维素(MCC),加入不同阻燃剂三聚氰胺磷酸酯(MP)、聚磷酸铵(APP)、纳米二氧化硅(SiO2),制得了阻燃纤维素复合材料.通过偏光显微镜观察MCC的溶解过程,并利用FTIR、XRD、TGA和SEM对再生MCC的结构、结晶度、热稳定性和形貌变化进行了表征.通过垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)和热重分析对纤维素复合材料的阻燃性能进行了测试.结果表明,溶解温度为90℃,TBAC用量为[CmVIM]Cl质量的8％时,MCC的溶解率达6.3％,聚合度降至505;与原MCC相比,再生MCC结晶度指数由74.0％降至46.4％,初始热分解温度由310℃降至262℃,最大失重速率由2.6％/min降至1.4％/min.MCC表面由光滑平整的棒状结构转为凹凸不平的不规则结构.当MP、APP、SiO2质量分数分别为5％、10％和10％时,阻燃纤维素复合材料的极限氧指数提升至33.5％,垂直燃烧等级为Ⅴ-0.     

Electric-oxidation extraction of molybdenite concentrate in alkaline NaCl electrolyte

The dissolution of molybdenite concentrate in NaCl electrolyte was investigated. The results show that the dissolution rate increases with the increase in liquid-to-solid ratio, stirring speed, NaCl concentration and temperature. When the liquid-to-solid ratio is 30:1, stirring speed is 400 r/min, concentration of NaCl is 4 mol/L at pH=9 and room temperature, the leaching efficiency of molybdenite concentrate will reach 99.5% in 240 min. Molybdenite concentrate cannot be electro-oxidized directly on the anode. The kinetic studies show that the dissolution of molybdenite concentrate is represented by shrinking core model with diffusion through a porous product layer of element sulfur, and the apparent activation energy for the dissolution reaction is 8.56 kJ/mol.     

碱处理棉纤维结构及其在LiCi/DMAc中的溶解特性

采用NaOH溶液对棉纤维进行处理.通过X射线衍射研究了不同碱处理条件下棉纤维的晶面结构变化,表征了棉纤维的结晶度和晶粒尺寸.考察了碱处理棉纤维在LiCl/DMAc中的溶解性和溶解稳定性.结果表明碱处理后,棉纤维的晶面结构明显变化,棉纤维衍射峰发生明显的变化,结晶度和晶粒尺寸也有变化,且随碱的质量分数的变化非常明显,而处...     

多元醇胺对钢铁渣粉溶解特性的影响

为了解决钢铁渣粉溶解性差所引起的活性低的问题,研究了三乙醇胺( TEA)、三异丙醇胺( TIPA)和二乙醇单异丙醇胺( DEIPA)对钢铁渣粉在碱性环境下溶解的影响规律,通过电导率仪、酸度计、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪( inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,ICP-AES)和八通道微量热仪对钢铁渣粉的溶解特性进行了表征。结果表明：多元醇胺降低了钢铁渣粉液相的pH并提高了液相电导率,主要表现为增加了液相中Fe、Ca、Al元素的质量浓度,其中TEA和DEIPA的影响效果大于TIPA;多元醇胺提高了钢铁渣粉早期的溶解热和最大水化热峰值,进一步证实了多元醇胺对钢铁渣粉具有增溶作用。     

Dissolution mechanism and solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K简

The dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. The results show that hemimorphite is soluble in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system and its residue exists in the form of an amorphous SiO2 layer on the hemimorphite surface. The XPS data also indicate that the Si 2p3/2 and O ls spectra of the hemimorphite are broadened and shift to higher binding energies and their binding energies are closer to silica with an increase of total ammonia and time. Solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system was measured by means of isothermal solution method at 298.15 K based on the study of the dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite. The results show that the solubility of zinc in solution increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of cr（NH3） （total ammonia concentration） at different NH3/NH4^＋ ratios. The solubility of silicon in solution decreases from 0.0334 mol/kg in ct（NH3）-4.1245 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution to 0.0046 mol/kg in cT（NH3）=7.6035 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution.     

Effects of Al and Sn on electrochemical properties of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn （mass fraction） magnesium alloy as anode in 3.5%NaCl solution

Mg-6%Al-1%Sn（mass fraction） alloy is a newly developed anode material for seawater activated batteries. The electrochemical properties of Mg-1%Sn, Mg-6%Al and Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloys are measured by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） with energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS） is used to characterize the microstructures of the experimental alloys. The results show that the Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy obtains more negative discharge potential（-1.38 V（vs SCE）） in hot-rolled condition. This is attributed to the fine dynamically recrystallized grains during the hot rolling process. After the experimental alloys are annealed at 473 K for 1 h, the discharge potentials of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy are more negative than those of Mg-6%Al alloy under different current densities. After annealing at 673 K, the discharge potentials of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy become more positive than those of Mg-6%Al alloy. Such phenomenon is due to the coarse grains and the second phase Mg2 Sn. The discharge potentials of Mg-1%Sn shift positively obviously in the discharge process compared with Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy. This is due to the corrosion products pasting on the discharge surface, which leads to anode polarization.     

溶剂法制备阿司匹林缓释固体分散体中载体对药物溶出度的影响

目的:采用溶剂法制备阿司匹林缓释固体分散体,并考查载体对药物体外溶出速度的影响.方法:分别选用乙基纤维素(EC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)及甲基纤维素(MC)为辅料,通过测定阿司匹林在各种辅料水溶液的溶解度及固体分散体在水中的溶出度选择最优载体,来制备阿司匹林缓释固体分散体.结果:当选择EC和HPMC为共同载体,且药物:EC:HPMC的比例为1 7 0.7时,药物在2、6、12 h分别能溶出至30%、50%、80%左右,对药物可起到很好的缓释效果.     

胜利褐煤二硫化碳-丙酮萃取物的超临界醇解物的GC/MS分析

胜利褐煤经CS2-丙酮混合溶剂(V/V=1 1)萃取获得萃取物EM,EM在300℃的甲醇中热溶2 h获得热溶物ET.对EM和ET进行了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析,在EM中有43种GC/MS可检测组分,而在ET中检测到了132种有机化合物,其中包括32种在EM中未检测到的甲酯类化合物(MAs)和16种酚类化合物.分析了MAs和酚类化合物的形成机理,得出了胜利褐煤CS2-丙酮可溶大分子化合物中可能存在的4种结构单元.本文提供了一种研究煤中可溶大分子化合物的有效方法,弥补了GC/MS在检测大分子化合物时的不足.