PHASE EQUILIBRIUM FOR TERNARY LIQUID SYSTEMS OF WATER CARBOXYLIC ACID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON: THERMODYNAMIC MODELING THROUGH SERLAS

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions are presented for mixtures of [water (1) + formic acid, or acetic acid, or propanoic acid (2) + chlorobenzene, or 1,2-dichloroethane (3)] at T = 293.2 K and P = 101.3 ± 0.7 kPa. A log-basis approach, SERLAS (solvation energy relation for liquid-associated system), has been proposed to estimate the properties and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of associated systems containing proton-donating and -accepting and polar components capable of a physical interaction through hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interaction. The tie lines were also correlated using the UNIFAC-original model. The reliability of the models has been analyzed against the LLE data with respect to the distribution coefficient and separation factor. The proposed model appears to be an improvement in data fit for the ternary systems, yielding a mean relative error of 10.1% for all the systems considered.     

催化加氢还原法制备DSD酸

以 4 ,4’ 二硝基二苯乙烯 2 ,2’ 双磺酸钠为原料 ,在液相中兰尼镍催化加氢还原制得DSD酸。此工艺最佳操作条件是原料质量浓度为 6 0～ 75 g/L ;催化剂为原料质量的 4 %～ 7%;温度为 140～ 16 0℃ ;压力为 2 0～ 2 5MPa。在此工艺条件下还原收率达 96 1%。     

聚乳酸中间体——丙交酯制备工艺

研究了间接法合成聚乳酸用的中间体丙交酯的制备工艺。以工业D,L-乳酸(lacticacid)为原料,丙交酯粗产物的收率为考查指标,通过正交实验得到了最佳制备工艺条件为:以4%(v/v)的辛酸亚锡为催化剂,脱水温度为180℃,解聚温度为285℃,得到粗产物收率为72.4%。粗品丙交酯1次重结晶后收率为59.3%,熔点为95.0～96.2℃;5次重结晶后总收率为50.7%,熔点为125.2～126.5℃。同时采用FTIR与1HNMR对产物进行了结构表征。     

大型磷酸浓缩装置设计的优化

过去十多年间,我国新建了十几套大型磷酸浓缩装置,均采用单级蒸发浓缩工艺,而国外大多采用两级或多级蒸发工艺。全面分析了两级浓缩技术经济上的先进性(降低投资,设备国产化难度降低),并提出了我国今后新建磷酸浓缩装置的优化方案应是两级或多级浓缩。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Al_2O_3固体超强酸催化合成癸二酸二异辛酯

选择多种催化剂用于催化癸二酸和 2 乙基己醇合成癸二酸二异辛酯 ,研究了固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 Al2 O3的催化性能 ,并考察了影响反应的因素 ,结果表明 ,适宜的反应条件为 :醇酸物质的量比为 3∶1;催化剂用量为 1.0g/mol癸二酸 ;带水剂甲苯为 10mL ;反应时间为 4 .5h ,酯化率达 98.5 %。     

稀磷酸澄清槽泥浆泵改用单螺杆泵的实践

磷酸生产中输送稀磷酸澄清槽淤渣的泥浆泵，各厂的运行情况都不够理想。介绍了三种类型泥浆泵的运行情况，针对淤渣中会出现块结垢物影响泥浆泵长期运行，在单螺杆泵进料腔内设置破碎送料器后，取得了较理想的效果，从而提高了磷酸装置的运转率和磷得率。     

S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2固体酸催化剂的制备及催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

采用共沉淀法制备S2O82-/ZrO2 SiO2固体酸催化剂,并用于柠檬酸三丁酯的合成反应,考察了制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,并对催化剂的稳定性进行分析。实验表明:当n(Zr)∶n(Si)=1∶13(摩尔比)时,用0.5mol/L的过硫酸铵溶液浸渍2h,550℃焙烧3h,催化剂用量为0.75g时,柠檬酸的转化率可达97.3%。且催化剂具有较高的稳定性,可重复使用5次以上。     

掺铜TiO^2光催化剂光催化氧化还原性能的研究

利用浸渍法制备了掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂，分别以乙酸降解和二氧化碳还原反应为探针，研究了催化剂的光催化氧化光催化还原性能．结果表明，铜掺杂能显著提高催化剂的光催化性能；结合光电子能谱、X光衍射分析等物理表征结果，对铜掺杂改性机制进行了讨论．     

Lipase-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid with straight-chain alcohols

Enzymatic synthesis of esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols with different chain lengths (C₆–C₁₈) were investigated in batch reactions with hexadecanol (C₁₆) as the model alcohol. Cyclohexane was the best solvent for higher ester yields, and the best biocatalyst was the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as well as the textile-immobilized Candida sp. lipase. A method was established to obtain ester yields in the range of 71 to 82% for the different alcohols, and the most favorable conditions for the esterification reaction using Novozym 435 were an equimolar ratio of lactic acid to alcohol, each at a concentration of 120 mM each; a 50°C reaction temperature; 190 rpm shaking speed; and the addition of 100 mg molecular sieves (4 Å) for drying. The ester yield increased with increasing lipase load, and a yield of 79.2% could be obtained after 24 h of reaction at 20 wt% of Novozym 435. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase prepared in the laboratory also could be used to produce esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols, but it had a much lower activity than Novozym 435 with a temperature optimum of 40°C.     

固体酸催化合成草酸二乙酯的应用研究

以粉煤灰、活化剂、硫酸为主要原料经活化、陈化、浸泡、焙烧等处理制得的固体酸催化剂，应用于草酸二乙酯的合成中取得了良好的催化效果。实验发现，当醇酸摩尔比为3．5、催化剂用量为草酸的5％、反应时间在4h时，酯产率可达81.8％，该催化剂具有贮存稳定性高、可重复使用、制备工艺简单、原料成本低廉等特点，是一种易于工业化应用的环境友好固体酸催化剂。