Characterisation of soy extract processed under different drying methods and extraction conditions

Soybean extract (SE), enriched in soy soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), was evaluated in three different conditions varying in extraction temperature and drying process: SE‐A ?80 °C, freeze‐dried, SE‐B ?80 °C, spray‐dried, SE‐C ?95 °C, spray‐dried. Spray‐dried SE presented lower moisture content, smaller and more uniform particles. In addition, zeta potential showed the same negative surface charge for all extracts showing the prevailing behaviour of SSPS. Moreover, all biopolymers were composed of three main molecular weight (Mw) fractions, but the Mw distribution was different between the three ingredients, reflecting their rheological behaviour in aqueous solution. Higher mean Mw led to enhanced apparent viscosity observed in neutral and acid pH for SE‐A, followed by ‐B and ‐C, respectively. The inverse behaviour was observed for intrinsic viscosity at neutral pH. However, SE‐C showed lower intrinsic viscosity at acid pH, which was attributed to protein–polysaccharide interaction presents in the solution.     

Inhibition effects of green tea and grape seed extracts on lipid oxidation in bonito fillets during frozen storage

The aim of this study was to investigate inhibition effects of green tea and grape seed extracts on lipid oxidation in bonito (Sarda sarda) fillets during frozen storage. Dried and powdered green tea and grape seed were extracted using ethanol. Extract solutions of 1 g 100 g^?1 were prepared using concentrated extracts and distilled water. Bonito fillets were divided into two groups. The first group was dipped into extract solutions and then frozen. The second group of fillets was glazed by extract solutions. Oxidation increased progressively through the storage period. 2‐Thiobarbituric acid and para‐anisidine values of samples treated with green tea and grape seed extracts remained at low levels. Both plant extracts displayed successful effects in delaying lipid oxidation compared to the control groups. The best results were obtained by extract treatment of fillets before freezing.     

“Whole Chinese angelica” microemulsion: its preparation and in vivo and in vitro evaluations

Context: The difference between the chemical polarities of the two categories of active chemical constituents in Chinese angelica volatile oil (CAVO) and Chinese angelica water extract (CAWE) greatly limit the development and clinical application of Chinese angelica preparation.

Object: The aim of this study is to design and prepare a “whole Chinese angelica” microemulsion (WCAM) that contains both CAVO and CAWE and at the same time to evaluate it in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods: CAVO and CAWE extracted from Chinese angelica were used as the oil and aqueous phases, respectively, to prepare the WCAM; its physicochemical property was observed, and its drug potency and oral bioavailability were evaluated.

Results: The formula of the WCAM was optimized as Tween-80:ethanol:CAVO:CAWE?=?3:3:1:40. The droplet size of the WCAM was 72.64?nm and the WCAM was proved to be physicochemically stable when it was kept at 0?°C, 4?°C, 25?°C and 40?°C for 3 months. The WCAM could markedly prolong blood clotting time, decrease whole blood viscosity and whole blood reduced viscosity at different shear rates, and improve hemorheological parameters. The results of the pharmacokinetic evaluation show that the AUC_0–7 of the WCAM was 4510.66 and was about 4.41-fold compared to that of danggui concentrated pills (an existing Chinese angelica pharmaceutical preparation).

Conclusion: It can be concluded, that the WCAM is a promising Chinese angelica preparation that has great prospects in the treatment of dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation.     

Modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance,cytotoxicity and antiviral actions of grape seed extracts

Grape seed extracts (GSEs) were investigated in yeast cells harbouring defects in their antioxidant system (regarding the cellular growth and growth recovery from H₂O₂ insult). GSEs antioxidant activity was detected in wild-type and mutant strains Δcta1, Δgsh1 and Δoye2glr1, while pro-oxidant activity in Δsod1 cells was seen. Assessment of proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 and HBV-replicating HepG2 2.2.15 cells treated with GSEs has shown higher cytotoxicity of red grape seed extract (RW) than white grape seed extract (WW) subjective to dose and period of administration. No antiviral effect was detected by measuring the secreted virion particles in HepG2 2.2.15 cells treated with GSEs. The GSEs play a dual antioxidant/pro-oxidant role in vivo according with the cellular antioxidant system deficiencies and exhibit cytotoxic properties in PC3 and HepG2 2.2.15 cell lines, but no antiviral action against HBV.     

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改性橡木宛栲胶鞣制牛皮沙发革工艺的探索

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