Optimisation of acid extraction of pectin from sweet potato residues by response surface methodology and its antiproliferation effect on cancer cells

The response surface methodology was employed to study the acid extraction of pectin from sweet potato residues. The effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, solution pH and liquid/solid ratio on yield and galacturonic acid content of pectin were investigated. Experimental data were fitted to quadratic polynomial models and analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The determined optimum conditions were extraction temperature 93 °C, extraction time 2.2 h, solution pH 1.7 and liquid/solid ratio (v/w) 30:1. Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield and galacturonic acid content of pectin were 5.09% and 70.03% (w/w), which were in good agreement with predicted values, 5.08% and 69.40%, respectively. In addition, sweet potato pectin exhibited remarkable antiproliferation effects on human colon cancer cells HT‐29 and human breast cancer cells Bcap‐37 by 46.64% and 42.64% at 1.00 mg mL^?1 separately, indicating that it could potentially be used as a natural supplement in functional foods.     

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein

The influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein (SPP) at various concentrations, e.g. 2%, 4% and 6% (w/v, SPP‐2, SPP‐4 and SPP‐6), was investigated. Significant differences in hydrophobicity, enthalpy of denaturation and solubility were observed (P < 0.05). Emulsifying activity indexes (EAI) of SPP‐2 and SPP‐6 increased at 400 MPa, whereas EAI of all SPP significantly decreased at 600 MPa (P < 0.05). Emulsion stability (ESI) was significantly decreased for SPP‐2 and SPP‐6, while increase in ESI was observed for SPP‐4 above 200 MPa (P < 0.05). SPP‐2 emulsions showed sharp decrease in apparent viscosity with pressure increase, while pseudo plastic flow behaviour was not changed for all of emulsions. Sporamins A and B were well‐adsorbed in pressurised emulsion without displacement. These results suggest that HHP treatment could be used to modify the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of SPP.     

籼型杂交水稻保持系IR58025B pin2转基因植株

杂交水稻技术在中国及其他国家已作为发展水稻生产,满足不断增加的人口对粮食需要的一条关键途径．而另一方面,据估计因螟虫危害造成水稻年均损失为5％～10％,有时高达60％～95％．应用马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂基因(potato proteinase inhibitor Ⅱor pin2)进行粳稻的遗传转化实验表明,其转基因粳稻植株对螟虫的抗性显著提高,且该转基因能在后代中稳定遗传(Duan et al．,1996)．为了改良杂交水稻对螟虫的抗性,以大面积应用的籼型杂交稻保持系IR58025B成熟胚为外植体材料、以pin为目的基因、通过基因枪法高效获得了大量转基因植株．PCR检测结果表明转基因pin2成功地整合于植株基因组中．三化螟幼虫饲喂试验结果初步证实了该转基因在转基因当代植株中的表达．     

非蛋白氮对单细胞蛋白生产菌株生长影响的研究

主要研究了非蛋白氮对选育的山芋淀粉渣单细胞蛋白生产菌株生长的影响。采用选育的扣囊拟内孢霉 K991株、产朊假丝酵母 C986株、绿色木霉 T995株混合发酵山芋渣生产单细胞蛋白 ,结果表明适宜的非蛋白氮可有效促进不同发酵方式中菌株的生长。尿素添加量在质量分数为 2 .5 %时对扣囊拟内孢霉 K991单菌株生长有利 (7.7× 1 0 8个 /g) ,在质量分数 2 %对产朊假丝酵母 C986单菌株生长较好 (1 .2× 1 0 7个 /g)。多菌株混菌发酵好于单菌株发酵 ,尿素或硫酸铵添加量均在质量分数为 2 .0 % ,产朊假丝酵母 C986菌数和产品蛋白含量较高 ,分别为 7.0× 1 0 7个 /g和 2 5 .82 %。     

甘薯叶研究进展

综述了近年来人们对甘薯叶的化学成分分析 ,提取物医疗保健作用等方面的研究进展 ,并就甘薯叶的研究方向提出了自己的看法 .     

甘薯贮藏保鲜剂的研制

研制了甘薯贮藏保鲜剂 .简要论述了该保鲜剂的组成、制备工艺、效能 ,使用效果及经济效益     

Glandular Trichome Extracts from Medicago sativa Deter Settling by the Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae

Extracts of glandular trichomes from Medicago sativa were tested for their ability to disrupt the settling behavior of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae. Erect and procumbent glandular trichomes were mechanically isolated from stem sections of resistant genotype "G98A," and nonglandular trichomes were collected from susceptible cultivar "Ranger." Isolated trichomes were extracted with chloroform, acetone, and ethanol, and the resulting crude extracts were applied to the surface of a sachet containing an artificial diet. Leafhoppers were offered a two-way choice between crude trichome extracts from G98A and Ranger. All three of G98A solvent extracts caused various degrees of diet rejection, resulting in the crude Ranger trichome extracts being preferred over G98A extracts. Overall, the fewest leafhoppers settled on the ethanolic extracts. Additional bioassays documented a dose response associated with G98A ethanolic extracts when compared with Ranger trichome extracts and a solvent control. No difference in preference behavior was detected between Ranger trichome extracts and a solvent control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed a homologous series of nonvolatile fatty acid amides C(n)H(2n+1)NO (n = 19-23) unique to G98A glandular trichome extracts.