基于LabVIEW的食品物性检测系统的研究

基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器技术、计算机系统集成技术和单片机技术,改进了食品物性分析仪,设计了食品物性检测系统．根据检测到的弹性力和位移等数据,通过数字分析得到弹性和酥脆度等物性参数;利用基于虚拟仪器的LabSQL数据库访问工具包,实现了对保存检测数据的数据库的查询和修改,进一步扩大了虚拟仪器技术的测试和应用范围．实验表明,设备运行可靠,且测试数据精确     

食品安全监管的法学价值思考

近年来,食品安全问题屡屡发生,不断引起人们和政府的重视。对于食品安全监管的法学理论依据,从已有的文献来看很少涉及,特别是从价值法学的角度更是鲜见,这不能不说是一个遗憾和缺失。在本文中笔者站在法学的立场透视食品安全监管的立足理论根基,以期给食品安全监管模式的构建以及具体制度建设提供更加充分的理论指导。     

基于旅游需求的饮食文化资源开发——以淮安为例

随着旅游者需求的不断变化,作为旅游资源的饮食文化必须基于旅游者需求基础上进行开发,才能获得旅游者的认可。淮安是著名的淮扬菜发源地之一,饮食文化历史悠久,内涵丰富。在现今旅游者需求日益变化的市场条件下,淮安饮食文化旅游产品的开发只有以终端市场的需求为核心,运用主题化、个性化、多样化、生态化开发策略,才能重振淮扬菜雄风。     

浅谈《食品安全法》在快餐业中的应用

近年来,随着生活节奏的加快,快餐行业的数量和规模都呈迅猛增加和扩大的趋势。快餐食品安全受到了老百姓空前的关注,引起了快餐行业对快餐食品安全法律规制的思考。新颁布的《食品安全法》具有重大意义,积极开展学习,广泛宣传,加强培训,确保《食品安全法》贯彻实施到位,已成为快餐行业的当务之急。     

论餐饮食品安全管理

把握和控制食品安全问题,必须从食品安全源的角度对食品安全进行科学、合理的分类,明确餐饮食品生产及消费过程中各关键环节安全控制的标准,构建餐饮食品危害分析与关键控制点体系,完善餐饮食品安全管理制度,实现餐饮食品安全的科学管理。     

Coupling System for Food Wastes Anaerobic Digestion and Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production with Ralstonia eutropha

A new technology was developed to couple the anaerobic digestion of food wastes with production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids were produced during food wastes anaerobic digestion and their concentrations reached 5.5, 1.8, 27.4 and 32.7 g/L, respectively under appropriate digestion conditions. The fermentative acids were transferred through a dialysis membrane to an air-lift reactor for PHA synthesis by Ralstonia eutropha. Dry cell concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The obtained PHA was a copolymer of b-hydroxybutyrate (HB) and b-hydroxyvalerate (HV) with 2.8% (mole ratio) of HV units in polymer.     

Ozone: An Advanced Oxidation Technology for Starch Modification

ABSTRACT

Ozone processing is one of the encouraging non-thermal and bio-friendly techniques in the food processing sector. The applicability of ozone technology in food industry is increasing due to its antimicrobial action and modification of functional properties of the foods. The structural modifications of starches have major applications in the food and bakery industry for producing products with increased shelf life, improved texture, and retention of moisture content. The positive response of ozonation in carboxyl and carbonyl group alters the viscosity of starch molecules. Rheological characteristics like low viscosity even at an increased concentration, desirable binding properties, and film-forming ability have increased its use in the food processing industry. The influence of ozonation in the physicochemical properties is mainly retrogradation and cross-linking of amylose and amylopectin molecules and enzymatic modifications. Ozonation cause change in crystallinity, viscosity, expansion ratio, and gelatinization temperatures. Finally, ozonation induces many possible changes in native starches for the effective utilization in the processing sectors. In this review, starch modifications utilizing ozone and various research achievements and scientific reports focusing on the effect of ozonation in terms of physical, chemical, and thermal properties of native starches and on the possible modifications have been summarized and discussed. In conclusion, ozone is a green technology that can be effectively used as an alternative oxidation technique for starch modification.     

医学知识增强的肿瘤分期多任务学习模型

肿瘤分期是指从病人的电子病历文本中推测肿瘤对应阶段的过程。在电子病历数据中存在类别严重不均衡现象,因此使用深度学习方法进行肿瘤分期具有一定的挑战性。该文提出医学知识增强的多任务学习KEMT(knowledge enhanced multi-task) 模型,将肿瘤分期问题视作面向医疗电子病历的文本分类任务,同时引入医生在人工预测肿瘤分期时参考的医学属性,提出基于医学问题的机器阅读理解任务,对上述两种任务进行联合学习。我们与医疗机构合作构建了真实场景下的肿瘤分期的数据集,实验结果显示,KEMT模型可以将医学知识与神经网络结合起来,预测准确率高于传统的文本分类模型。在数据分布不均衡的条件下,在小样本类别上的准确率提升了4.2个百分点,同时模型也具有一定的解释性。     

乡村振兴战略指导下的生态灌区建设与管理

针对生态灌区建设与管理存在的产业与资源低效、灌溉水质恶化、生态多样性降低等问题,以乡村振兴战略为理论指导,从乡村振兴战略20字总要求出发,探讨乡村振兴战略思想下的生态灌区建设与管理,提出了农业质量产量底线、生态与环境底线和资源开发利用上限的生态灌区建设与管理三条红线,指出生态灌区应向粮食增产提质和其他产品有效供给、生态环境优美宜居、资源保护与高效利用方向发展,为实现生态灌区可持续型绿色发展提供科学参考。     

Consumer‐diet discrimination of δ13C and δ15N: Source‐ and feeding‐oriented patterns based on gut content analysis in a large subtropical river of China

Understanding the trophic discrimination (?¹³C and ?¹⁵N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?¹³C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?¹³C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?¹⁵N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?¹³C and ?¹⁵N were closely associated with the δ¹³C of periphyton, the δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?¹³C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?¹⁵N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish.