102GD型气相色谱仪的技术改造

针对102GD型气相色谱仪在使用过程中仪器的轴流风机、热导池稳压源及温度控制器等部件出现的问题，利用一台精密烘箱，内装三个热导池，外配三套热导池稳压源和记录仪进行了色谱技术改造，完成了我厂五台气化炉的煤气全分析任务。     

极地低温环境下混凝土断裂性能试验研究

为研究寒区和极地低温环境下混凝土结构的抗裂性能,设计了36个试件,对其进行了三点弯曲梁断裂试验,分析了20~-80 ℃温度区间内混凝土双K断裂韧度、断裂能和特征长度等关键断裂参数。结果表明：低温环境下,混凝土粗骨料和砂浆界面强度有所提高,横截面上有更多粗骨料发生断裂破坏;随着温度的降低,混凝土梁开裂荷载及峰值荷载有所提高,荷载-位移曲线斜率变大;混凝土断裂性能在低温环境下明显增强,其起裂断裂韧度、失稳断裂韧度和断裂能均随温度的降低得到提高;低温环境下混凝土脆性变大,特征长度随温度的降低而减小。对低温作用下混凝土断裂能的增强规律进行定量分析,拓展CEB-FIP MC2010混凝土断裂能计算模型的适用范围。基于低温环境下立方体抗压和劈裂抗拉试验结果,分别提出了混凝土断裂能计算模型。     

基于微波放电法的 PDMS 材料表面改性

目的研究微波放电法对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)材料表面的改性效果。方法利用家用微波炉的微波作用以及自制的真空罩电极装置,产生低温等离子体放电,对PDMS材料表面进行激活处理。对处理后的PDMS材料表面接触角的恢复情况以及PDMS间的键合强度进行实验测试。结果微波放电处理后的PDMS材料表面初始呈现出很强的亲水性,当微波功率为140 W,工作5 s时,PDMS表面接触角可达到10°左右;通过观察发现随着放置时间的增加,PDMS材料表面接触角逐渐增大且在10天后恢复到原始疏水角状态;同时,经过改性的PDMS样品之间可实现较好的键合封装,其最优键合条件为80℃+1.5 h压合,其键合强度可达到12.4 N。结论使用微波放电法处理PDMS材料表面,可成功地对材料进行亲水改性处理,并实现PDMS间的很好键合。与传统等离子体处理键合方法相比,该方法简单、经济且高效。     

热处理对大截面LS8铸钢组织和性能的影响

对自主研发的LS8铸钢大截面试样采用完全淬火+高温回火(QT)、亚温淬火+高温回火(LT)和完全淬火+亚温淬火+高温回火(QLT)3种不同工艺进行热处理,分析了热处理工艺对大截面试样组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,经QLT工艺处理后大截面试样心部的低温冲击性能最好,满足API Spec 8C要求。显微组织观察及冲击断口形貌分析结果表明,低温冲击性能的提高与亚温淬火后组织中弥散分布的细小铁素体有关。     

焙烧温度对共沉淀法合成Ni/Al_2O_3甲烷化催化剂性能的影响

采用并流共沉淀法制备Ni负载质量分数为15%的Ni/Al2O3催化剂,用于CO加氢甲烷化反应。结合紫外可见光漫反射、氢气程序升温还原、N2物理吸附-脱附和X射线粉末衍射等技术,考察焙烧温度对催化剂结构、活性与稳定性的影响。结果表明,低温[(350-500)℃]焙烧的样品中活性组分Ni主要以孤立的Ni O物种和高分散的无定形Ni O物种存在,相应的还原态样品中Ni粒子尺寸较小,是其新鲜态样品低温活性较高的主要原因。800℃焙烧的样品中活性组分Ni主要以高分散的无定形Ni O物种和Ni Al2O4尖晶石微晶形式存在于催化剂表面,活性组分Ni与载体Al2O3间的作用力较强,稳定性较高,且经过800℃水热老化处理10 h后仍具有较大的比表面积(125 m2·g-1),是其具有较佳低温活性同时突显良好水热稳定性的主要原因。     

Ultrathin PECVD epitaxial Si solar cells on glass via low‐temperature transfer process

Fabrication of high‐quality ultrathin monocrystalline silicon layers and their transfer to low‐cost substrates are key steps for flexible electronics and photovoltaics. In this work, we demonstrate a low‐temperature and low‐cost process for ultrathin silicon solar cells. By using standard plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), we grow high‐quality epitaxial silicon layers (epi‐PECVD) from SiH₄/H₂ gas mixtures at 175 °C. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, we show that the porosity of the epi‐PECVD/crystalline silicon interface can be tuned by controlling the hydrogen accumulation there. Moreover, we demonstrate that 13–14% porosity is a threshold above which the interface becomes fragile and can easily be cleaved. Taking advantage of the H‐rich interface fragility, we demonstrate the transfer of large areas (∽10 cm²) ultrathin epi‐PECVD layers (0.5–5.5 µm) onto glass substrates by anodic bonding and moderate annealing (275–350 °C). The structural properties of transferred layers are assessed, and the first PECVD epitaxial silicon solar cells transferred on glass are characterized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温选择性催化还原催化剂抗SO_2性能的研究进展

低温选择性催化还原法(SCR)是一种有潜力的烟气脱硝技术。针对低温SCR法目前存在的缺陷,综述了低温SCR催化剂受SO2毒害的作用机理,总结了催化剂组成成分、制备方法、硫酸化及还原剂种类等因素对低温SCR催化剂抗SO2性能的影响。为进一步开发出具备良好抗SO2性能的低温SCR催化剂提供一定的借鉴作用。     

玻璃熔窑纯低温余热发电前景看好

当今社会节能已成为继煤炭、电力、石油和天然气之后的“第五能源”,而现在玻璃行业普遍存在着热量利用率低、烟气余热利用不足的问题。作者认为,目前兴起的玻璃窑炉纯低温余热发电实现节能降耗,提高热效率,前景看好.     

Liquid penetration length of heptamethylnonane and trimethylpentane under unsteady in-cylinder conditions

While strategies employing early or late direct-injection of fuel can improve emissions, they also can lead to impingement of liquid-phase fuel on the piston and/or cylinder wall due to low in-cylinder temperatures and densities during the injection event. Previous work has shown that liquid-phase fuel films formed in this way can lead to pronounced degradations in efficiency and emissions. To avoid these problems, a quantitative understanding of fuel-property effects on the liquid penetration length is needed, and this understanding must include conditions where in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions and the injection rate vary with time. This work reports liquid penetration lengths measured in an optical engine under such time-varying conditions. Diagnostics included laser light scattering for measurement of the liquid length and conventional pressure-data acquisition for heat-release analysis. Unsteady liquid penetration was characterized for different injection timings, injection pressures, intake-manifold pressures, and fuel volatilities to gain an understanding of the relative importance of these factors. Fuel volatility was studied by using two fuels, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP), which have very different volatility characteristics. Measured liquid lengths changed as in-cylinder conditions changed, with increasing temperature and density during the compression stroke causing a decrease in liquid length, and decreasing temperature and density during the expansion stroke causing an increase in liquid length. Intake-manifold pressure and fuel volatility were found to be primary factors governing liquid length. Heat loss from the charge gas to the engine and local charge cooling due to fuel vaporization were found to have a secondary influence on liquid length. Injection pressure was found to have little effect.     

AlN陶瓷低温烧结制备与性能研究

采用两组复合烧结助剂Y2O3-CaF2,Y2O3-CaF2-Li2CO3在1600℃烧结AlN陶瓷,对AlN陶瓷烧结密度,热性能和电性能进行了测试,并分析了AlN陶瓷物相变化和微观结构。结果表明,复合烧结助剂在低温下能明显促进AlN陶瓷致密化及晶粒生长发育,尤其是添加3wt%Y2O3-2wt%CaF2作烧结助剂,1600℃常压烧结4h制备了结晶良好,相对密度为98.4%,热导率为133.62W/m.K,同时具有较低相对介电常数的AlN陶瓷。在低温常压条件下制备出性能较高的AlN陶瓷。