生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用进展

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的种类、特点、絮凝机理和近几年来国内在不同废水处理中的应用情况，并对它的研究及应用前景做出展望。     

Potential of microbial growth control in water hydraulic systems by UV‐irradiation and filtration

Water hydraulic systems use water as a pressure medium and, thus, do not pose such adverse environmental impacts as oil hydraulics. Microbial deterioration of the pressure medium and biofouling of the surfaces restrict the applicability of the water‐based technology. The potential of microbial growth control by UV‐irradiation and filtration was studied in a pilot‐scale water hydraulic system. The UV‐irradiation (25 m Ws cm^?2) of the pressure medium reduced the total viable counts of bacteria by 1–2 log₁₀ cfu cm^?3, whereas the total microbial cell numbers and the numbers of surface‐attached microorganisms remained unaffected. Prefiltration (1.2 µm, absolute) of the pressure medium decreased the total microbial cell number in the water phase and retarded the attachment of bacteria. The filtration during the operation (2 µm, absolute) decreased the total numbers of microbial cells and the total viable counts in the pressure medium, and microbial attachment on the surfaces. Microbial attachment was not prevented by filtration. The microbial water quality obtained by pre‐ and on‐line filtration of the pressure medium was sufficient to ensure the long‐term operation of the water hydraulic system assuming that clean work practices are complied with in assembly and during the operation. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于交叠社团相似性的生物网络关键节点识别

生物网络是研究生物特性的一个重要工具,目前已经有许多方法用于研究生物网络,关键节点分析是其中最常用的方法之一。关键节点分析通常是根据一定的规则为网络中的各节点分配一个函数值,并由此来确定网络中各节点的重要程度,目前已经发表了一些方法。然而,这些方法在单独使用的情况下,获得的关键节点的生物学意义一般较低,存在一定的缺陷。本文从节点对社团贡献的角度建立关键节点识别方法,首先提取网络中富含生物学功能意义的社团,然后依据交叠社团的相似性为各节点分配贡献值,最后通过两个生物网络实例论证了方法的有效性。     

Transformations of residual fertilizer P in a semi-arid tropical soil under eight-year peanut-wheat rotation

Long-term transformations of residual phosphorus (P) governs the availability of phosphorus to crops. Very limited information is available on the transformations of residual fertilizer P in semi-arid tropical soils under long-term crop rotations. Therefore, using sequential phosphorus fractionation procedure, we studied changes in labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P in a semi-arid alluvial soil (Typic Ustisamments) after eight years of annual fertilizer P application either to one crop (alternate) or to both crops (cumulative) in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) — wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation.Total residual fertilizer P in soil (P recovered from P-fertilized minus control plots) ranged from 62 to 176 mg P kg^–1. In the alternate P treatments (P applied to peanut or wheat only), on an average of 3 rates of applied P (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha^–1), in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15 to 30 cm) soil, respectively, residual fertilizer P consisted of 14.8 and 2.2% resin-P, 8.6 and 2.8% NaHCO₃-P, 6.3 and 0% microbial-P, 31.4 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 7.8 and 3.0% aggregate protected-P, 12.5 and 3.0% HCl-P, 3.4 and 0% H₂SO₄-P. The corresponding values for surface and subsurface soils of cumulative P treatments (P applied to both peanut and wheat) were: 12.8 and 1.6% resin-P, 6.9 and 2.3% NaHCO₃-P, 4.7 and 0% microbial-P, 32.5 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 5.6 and 2.0% aggregate protected-P, 14.8 and 3.8% HCl-P, 6.7 and 2.1% H₂SO₄-P. Considerable lower values for the 15–30 cm depth indicate only a very small movement of residual P to the subsoil.Significantly lower amount of fertilizer P (28% and 44%) found in labile (resin, NaHCO₃ and microbial P) and semi-labile (NaOH and sonicated NaOH P) fractions for the cumulative P treatment than alternate P treatment (35 and 46%, respectively) suggests that increased rates and frequency of applied P tend to enhance the conversion of residual P to stable forms which are less available to plants. About 12 to 19% of residual fertilizer P found as organic P in labile and semi-labile forms confirmed that organic P increased with long-term fertilizer management. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the alternate application of fertilizer P to a crop, as is shown for wheat, helps reduce the transformations of residual P to stable P forms.     

面向在线社区用户的群体推荐算法研究

结合现有两种主要群体推荐算法的优势, 建立新的算法框架, 并引入差异度因素对模型进行优化。另外, 考虑到在线社区用户的特点, 定义互动度指标来描述群体成员间的互动程度, 通过分析其与推荐精度之间的关系, 探讨互动度对群体推荐的影响。选取豆瓣网数据进行实验, 并与传统方法进行比较, 结果表明, 融入差异度的算法具有更好的推荐效果, 且有效的互动机制能够保证较高的推荐精度。     

一种网络社团划分的评价及改进方法

主要从节点在所属群体内的相对重要程度出发, 尝试性地给出一种网络社团结构的新定义, 并在此基础上构建了一种网络社团划分的评价及改进方法。该方法既可以与现有的社团划分算法进行组合, 形成新的网络社团划分算法, 也可以独立使用, 对网络社团的划分结果进行评价与改进。最后, 通过MCL、GN、Factions等方法及算例对提出的算法进行了验证与分析。     

基于聚类粒化的社团发现算法

为了实现复杂网络社团发现算法的复杂度和精确度间的均衡,提出一种基于聚类粒化的社团发现算法(CGCDA),将网络粒化获得的粒子视为一个社团,粒化结果即为对网络的社团划分。首先,将网络中的每个节点视为基本粒,通过初始粒化操作实现对网络的粒化;然后,针对获得的粒化集合中满足粒化系数的粒子进行聚类粒化操作,分层粒化直到不存在满足要求的粒子对;最后,将粒子对中的重叠节点视为孤立点,用邻居节点投票法把孤立节点归并到相应的粒子中,实现对复杂网络的社团划分。实验实现了Newman快速算法（NFA）、标号传播算法（LPA）和CGCDA。实验结果表明,CGCDA在四个基准数据集上可获得平均高于LPA 7.6%的模块度和低于NFA 96%的时间。CGCDA时间复杂度较低,获取的社团模块度较高,实现了社团发现时间和精确度的均衡,相比NFA、LPA总体性能更优。     

Modification of oxidizing activity of Thiobacillus ferroxidans by some particulate solids

Different particulate solids such as glass powder, various types of activated carbon and bentonite suspended in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures produce very different effects on the oxidizing activity of the microorganism. The atmospheric oxygen uptake by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in Warburg respirometer flasks containing 9K medium with ferrous sulfate as energy source and suspended bentonite is 2.8 times that in the absence of solids. The dissolution rate of pure pyrite in 250 cm³ shake flasks containing 9K medium and bentonite is considerably enhanced over that where the only solid phase is pyrite. Conversely, the oxidizing ability of the microorganism seems to be inhibited by all the activated carbons tested. The effect of ground glass seems to be related to its particle size distribution. Implications for the bioleaching of sulfide ores and coal pyrite are discussed in the light of current knowledge on the adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on solid surfaces.     

基于信息流动分析的动态社区发现方法

随着社交网络和微博等互联网应用的逐渐流行,其用户规模在迅速膨胀.在这些大规模网络中,社区发现可以为个性化服务推荐和产品推广提供重要依据.不同于传统的网络,这些新型网络的节点之间除了拓扑结构外,还进行频繁的信息交互.信息流动使得这些网络具有方向性和动态性等特征.传统的社区发现方法由于没有考虑到这些新的特征,并不适用于这些新型网络.在传染病动力学理论的基础上,从节点间信息流动的角度,提出一种动态社区发现方法.该方法通过对信息流动的分析来发现联系紧密、兴趣相近的节点集合,以实现动态的社区发现.在真实数据集上的实验结果表明：相对于传统的社区发现方法,所提出的方法能够更准确地发现社区,并且更能体现网络中社区的动态变化.     

基于小波去噪的有向加权社团发现研究

目前大部分社团发现方法都是针对无向无权图,但实际的社会媒体中的社团内部个体交互过程可以抽象为一个有向加权图,并且权重中含有大量的噪声.为解决有向加权社团的划分问题,本文提出一种基于非负矩阵分解(Nonnegative matrix factorization,NMF)可去噪声的社团发现方法.该方法通过小波阈值去噪对社会网络数据进行去噪处理,结合有向加权的非负矩阵分解算法对去噪后的数据集进行社团发现,准确找出社团结构.在社会媒体的实验数据集和标准数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法针对带噪声的有向加权图社团发现问题具有良好划分性能,SNR为15时,在Lesmis数据集上的社团划分准确率达到96％,划分模块度值提高了29％.本文为解决带噪的有向加权的社会网络数据提供了切实有效的处理方法.