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排序方式: 共有9535条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
同步生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了传统同步生物脱氮除磷工艺存在的问题,介绍了一些传统工艺的改进工艺和几种新工艺,包括A2/O工艺,改进的A2/O工艺,改进的SBR工艺及其他一些工艺,阐述了他们的特点,并探讨了同步生物脱氮除磷工艺的发展趋势。 相似文献
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D. W. Bussink 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1994,38(2):111-121
Grazed pastures emit ammonia (NH3) into the atmosphere; the size of the NH3 loss appears to be related to nitrogen (N) application rate.The micrometeorological mass balance method was used to measure NH3 volatilization from rotationally grazed swards on three plots in the autumn of 1989 and throughout the 1990 growing season. The aim of the research was to derive a mathematical relationship between NH3 volatilization and N application rate, which would vary between soil type and weather conditions. In both years the plots received a total of 250, 400 or 550 kg N ha–1 as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) split over 6 to 8 dressings. The number of grazing cycles ranged from 7 to 9 for the three N plots.In the last two grazing cycles of 1989, NH3 losses were 3.8, 12.0 and 14.7 kg N ha–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 5.3%, 13.9% and 14.4% of the amount of N excreted on the sward, respectively. In 1990, NH3 losses were 9.1, 27.0 and 32.8 kg N ha–1 for the 250N, 400N and 550N plots, which was equivalent to 3.3%, 6.9% and 6.9% of the N excreted, respectively. Differences in urine composition between the plots were relatively small. Rainfall and sward management affected the size of the NH3 volatilization rate. Volatilization of NH3 was related to N excretion and N application rate.A calculation procedure is given to enable the estimation of NH3 volatilization from N application rate. Adjustments can be made for grazing efficiency, grazing selectivity, N retention in milk and liveweight gain, concentrate N intake and milking duration. Losses of NH3 increase progressively with an increase in N application rate until herbage yield reaches a maximum at an application rate of about 500 kg N ha–1 yr–1. 相似文献
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M. Boudart 《Topics in Catalysis》1994,1(3-4):405-414
This is a personal account of the Havreholm Conference with a choice of topics dealing with catalytic ammonia synthesis. Among the general concepts that were retained are: the rate determining step with rates of adsorption and desorption of nitrogen; the direct activated dissociative adsorption of N2; the surface crystalline anisotropy of iron; the role of promoters in industrial iron based catalysts; and the atomic structure of the metallic surface on the industrial multiply promoted catalyst. Finally, a new isotope jump technique to measure an upper limit to the real turnover frequency is discussed. 相似文献
115.
T. Watanabe P. Chairoj H. Tsuruta W. Masarngsan C. Wongwiwatchai S. Wonprasaid W. Cholitkul K. Minami 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2000,57(1):55-65
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from fertilized maize fields was measured using a closed chamber at four experimental sites in Thailand. The average measured N2O flux from unfertilized plots through crop season was 4.16 ± 1.52, 5.05 ± 1.65, 5.25 ± 1.68 and 6.74 ± 2.95 g N2O-N m-2 h-1, at Nakhon Sawan, Phra Phutthabat, Khon Kaen and Chiang Mai, respectively. Increased N2O emissions by the application of nitrogen fertilizer were 0.22–0.44, 0.19–0.38%, 0.12–0.24 and 0.08–0.15% of the applied N, respectively. Compared to other data, N2O emission rate to applied nitrogen was not significantly different between the data of Thailand and the Temperate Zone. 相似文献
116.
生物脱氮工艺的新发展-半硝化和厌氧氨氧化 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
传统生物脱氮工艺耗能多,反硝化时还消耗碳源,半硝化一厌氧氨氧化(SHARON-ANAMMOX)是一种全新的脱氮工艺,其原理是首先由亚硝化细菌将废水中1/2氨氮氧化为NO2^-,剩余的氨氮与所生成的NO2^-以等摩尔比例ANAMMOX菌作用生成N2,因耗能少且不消耗碳源,故具有可持续发展意义。 相似文献
117.
含氨废水处理技术及工艺设计方案 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
本文根据氮肥厂废水的特点,研究了高浓度氨氮废水的处理方法-吹脱法的除氨机理和氨氮去除率的影响因素。针对pH值和温度对氨氮去除率的影响,我们做了实验,结果表明若去除率要达到90%以上,pH值必须大于12且温度高于90C。同时可以用CaO将废水的pH值调节到12以上。最后,针对这种废水的处理设计了可行的工艺方案。 相似文献
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A lab-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A^2O) process used to treat a synthetic brewage wastewater was investigated. The objectives of the study were to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in A^2O bioreactors. Sludge analysis confirmed that the average anoxic P uptake accounted for approximately 70% the total amount of P uptake, and the ratio of anoxic P uptake rate to aerobic P uptake rate was 69%. In addition, nitrate concentration in the anoxic phase and different organic substrate introduced into the anaerobic phase had significant effect on the anoxic P uptake. Compared with conventional A^2O processes, good removal efficiencies of COD, phosphorus, ammonia and total nitrogen (92.3%, 95.5%, 96% and 79.5%, respectively) could be achieved in the anoxic P uptake system, and aeration energy consumption was saved 25%. By controlling the nitrate recirculation flow in the anoxic zone, anoxic P uptake could be enhanced, which solved the competition for organic substrates among poly-P organisms and denitrifiers successfully under the COD limiting conditions. Therefore, in wastewater treatment plants the control system should be applied according to the practical situation to optimize the operation. 相似文献