新型椰果火腿加工工艺

探讨以椰果为主要辅助原料来开发一种新型的功能性火腿肠。通过一系列试验来确定椰果的添加量和椰果颗粒的大小对产品品质的影响，最后确定在火腿肠中添加0．3mm果型，量为10％时效果最好。     

Sensitive Monoclonal Antibody-based Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Skeletal Muscle in Meat and Feed Products

A monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the sensitive detection of porcine skeletal muscle in raw and heat‐processed meat and feed products. Heat treatment of meat samples up to 132 °C for 2 h did not affect the assay performance. The assay uses a pair of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 8F10 and 5H9) specific to skeletal muscle troponin I (TnI). MAb 8F10, reacting to mammalian TnI, is the capture antibody and the biotin‐conjugated MAb 5H9, specific to porcine TnI, the detection antibody. The sandwich ELISA is able to detect 0.05% (w/w) of laboratory‐adulterated pork in chicken, 0.1% (w/w) pork in beef mixtures, 0.05% (w/w) pork meal in soy‐based feed, and 1% commercial meat and bone meal (MBM), containing an unknown amount of pork, in soy‐based feed. This new assay provides a rapid and reliable means to detect the contamination of meat and feed products with trace amounts of porcine muscle tissue to ensure product quality and safety.     

食品添加剂抑制香肠酸价上升的应用技术研究

本研究对添加品质改良剂的香肠在20℃左右室温及37℃高温条件下进行试验，结果表明，其酸价能保持较稳定的数值，达到了国家卫生标准的要求，感官方面不影响香肠固有的风味，色泽稳定性大大超过对照组香肠，试验的效果令人满意。     

真空包装哈尔滨红肠菌相分析及优势腐败菌初步鉴定

为了有效监控红肠的腐败变质,本论文利用选择性培养基研究真空包装红肠在4℃条件下储藏过程中的菌相和储藏终点部分菌进行初步鉴定。红肠在4℃储藏过程中菌相变化明显:储藏初期(0~4d)时,热杀索丝菌(0.00%)、乳酸菌(44.30%)、假单胞菌(23.40%)、球菌(32.30%)、芽孢杆菌(0.00%)、霉菌和酵母(0.00%)的菌落对数分别是0.01、2.27、2.11、2.36、0.01、0.01(CFU/g);腐败终点时热杀索丝菌(0.00%)、乳酸菌(60.00%)、假单胞菌(0.00%)、球菌(16.30%)、芽孢杆菌(23.70%)、霉菌和酵母(0.00%)的菌落对数分别2.30、6.74、0.01、6.52、6.66、3.00(CFU/g)。腐败终点分出14株形态特异的菌株,进行分子生物学初步鉴定,其中6株芽孢杆菌分属芽孢杆菌(7.70%)和蜡样芽孢杆菌属(16.00%),5株葡萄球菌分属木糖葡萄球菌(3.80%)和马胃葡萄球菌(12.50%),1株热杀索丝菌(0.00%)和2株清酒乳酸菌(60.00%)。因此真空包装红肠中特定的优势腐败菌是清酒乳酸菌,蜡样芽孢杆菌和马胃葡萄球菌。     

不同肥瘦比和烹制时间对狮子头猪肉丸特征挥发性风味成分的影响

该研究以狮子头为研究对象,研究了两种不同肥瘦比的狮子头在不同的烹制时间内挥发性风味物质的变化情况,以探讨狮子头在不同烹饪时间内挥发性风味物质的变化规律。采用固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术对狮子头挥发性风味化合物进行了分离鉴定。通过结合气味活性值（OAV）讨论狮子头烹饪过程中的关键风味化合物。研究表明：在烹制两种肥瘦比例（6:4、7:3）的狮子头的过程中分别产生了73种、71种挥发性风味物,经过OAV值分析的结论发现,在90、120、150 min中主要的风味物质为己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-戊基呋喃等。在120 min时6:4组在己醛含量近达到了3.87 mg/kg、壬醛含量达到4.41 mg/kg,,2-戊基呋喃含量达到2.85 mg/kg;7:3组己醛含量达到了4.44 mg/kg、壬醛含量达到5.03 mg/kg,2-戊基呋喃达到2.74 mg/kg。因此,烹制120 min时7:3比例的狮子头风味物质组成更丰富,风味评价更好。     

鲜猪肉水分近红外光谱在线检测方法研究

本研究目的在于应用近红外光谱技术对冷鲜猪肉深层水分含量进行在线检测方法研究。根据稳态空间分辨光谱技术设计了具有多个检测器的传感器,以750nm、805nm、850nm和970nm的LED作为光源,检测器距离为30-48mm之间,用于检测肉块样品一定深度和范围内的水分含量,从而为无损、快速地给出鲜猪肉水分含量提供一种可靠方法。实验中针对猪背最长肌进行检测,获得184个样品,其水分含量在71%-78%之间,采用多元校正预测模型计算肉块水分含量。所建模型相关系数（r）为0.783,呈显著相关,建模集标准残差（RMSEP）为0.988,验证集标准残差（RMSEP）为1.037。由此得出结论,在短波近红外范围内,利用稳态空间分辨光谱技术能够对猪肉水分含量进行在线检测。     

Application and assessment of extruded edible casings manufactured from pectin and gelatin/sodium alginate blends for use with breakfast pork sausage

Casings formed from pectin (PN) containing 2.5% and 5% corn oil (CO) and olive oil (OO) and gelatine/sodium alginate blends (GSAB) containing 2.5% CO and OO respectively were used for sausage manufacture. Mechanical properties and water content of casings were assessed prior to application. Following sausage manufacture, product quality and shelf-life evaluation were assessed in terms of sensory attributes, instrumental colour, moisture loss and lipid oxidation. All manufactured casings were of good quality and initially produced intact and stable sausage products. However, with time, shrinkage of products occurred where GSAB casings were used. Sensory analysis of sausages showed that PN casings were more preferred to GSAB casings for sausage manufacture. CIE colour analysis supported sensory evaluation. Water losses from sausages using GSAB casings were lower compared to sausages using PN casings due to GSAB casings having higher ability to trap and absorb water compared to PN casings. Lipid oxidation developed over time for all sausage products, however, sausages manufactured using GSAB casings containing both CO and OO at 2.5% had better oxygen barrier properties compared to sausages manufactured using PN containing the same concentration of emulsified oils. Sausages manufactured using casings containing OO were more prone to lipid oxidation than those using CO. Importantly, sausages manufactured using PN casings containing 5.0% CO were extremely stable to lipid oxidation over a six day storage period and significantly, were <1 on the TBARS numbers scale.     

Oxidative Changes of Heat-Sterilized Meat in Trays

We studied oxidative changes of ground pork meat filled into plastic or aluminum trays, sterilized at 121 or 131°C and stored up to 56 days at 20 or 37°C in the dark or exposed to light, respectively. Sterilization temperature did not influence either thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of the samples or ethane concentrations in headspace of trays. An increase of storage temperature from 20 to 37°C increased TBARS and ethane concentrations regardless of filling method and packaging material. No changes in double-bond indices were observed. Nitrogen flushing in combination with light protection reduced lipid oxidation up to 85–95%     

Effect of Capsicum annuum (Red Sweet and Cayenne) and Piper nigrum (Black and White) Pepper Powders on the Shelf Life of Fresh Pork Sausages Packaged in Modified Atmosphere

ABSTRACT Capsicum annuum (red sweet and hot cayenne) and Piper nigrum (black and white) pepper powders were evaluated for inhibition of oxidative reactions and extension of the shelf life of fresh pork sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere. Sausages containing either red sweet pepper or cayenne pepper (0.1%, 0.5%, or 2%) or black or white pepper (0.1%, 0.5%, or 1%) were packaged in a modified atmosphere of 80% O₂+ 20% CO₂, stored for 16 d in the dark at 2 °C, and analyzed each 4 d for pH, CIE L*, a*, and b*, 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), psychrotrophic aerobes, sensory discoloration, and off‐odor. Results demonstrated that Capsicum peppers (sweet red and hot cayenne) enhanced red color but failed to prevent discoloration, whereas they were very effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation, chiefly at the highest concentration used (2%), which resulted in a delay of off‐odor formation. Piper peppers (black and white) significantly delayed discoloration with small modification of sausage color; furthermore, they also inhibited lipid oxidation, which led to a delay of off‐odor formation, particularly in the form of black pepper. Besides this, all those spices inhibited microbial growth when added at the highest concentration (1%Piper and 2%Capsicum).     

Process and Characteristics for a Surimi-like Material Made from Beef or Pork

Beef or pork was chopped, screened, and washed; water was removed by centrifugation to make surimi-like, water-washed beef or pork. Processing parameters were evaluated to develop the optimum processing techniques to yield the most functional material. Regardless of fat content in the starting material, water-washed beef or pork contained <1% fat. Water-washed muscle was lighter (reduced redness and yellowness) than the original starting material but had more color than fish surimi. Washed beef or pork formed gels with greater hardness than commercial fish surimi above 55°C after heating at 0.5°C/min. Salt soluble protein of water-washed beef or pork was higher than that of commercial fish surimi.