4 种天然抗氧化剂对纯油和人造奶油氧化稳定性的影响

对脂溶性天然抗氧化剂迷迭香、VE、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯和水溶性天然抗氧化剂表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯,在以棕榈油为主体的纯油产品和油包水型人造奶油产品中的抗氧化效果进行研究。结果表明：亲水亲油性不同的抗氧化剂在两种体系中的抗氧化性有明显差异。在人造奶油体系中,0.02%水溶性表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的抗氧化性最好。在纯油体系中,0.07%脂溶性迷迭香的抗氧化性最好。人造奶油体系的氧化稳定性明显低于纯油体系。     

鱼腥草挥发油超临界CO2萃取分离工艺的研究

以鱼腥草为原料,进行超临界CO2萃取分离鱼腥草挥发油的工艺研究.重点考查了温度、压力、时间对产品得率的影响.正交实验结果表明:影响萃取的主次因素为B(压力)＞A(温度)＞C(时间);较佳工艺参数为萃取温度50℃,压力22MPa,时间90min,且水为夹带剂时,鱼腥草挥发油的总得率高达1.95％,其中鱼腥草素的得率达0.05％.     

高稳定性番石榴果汁饮料的研制

近年来番石榴果汁受到消费者的欢迎,但生产过程中存在果肉沉淀、果汁氧化褐变及稳定性差等问题。本研究通过对果汁原料的控制及不同胶体复配稳定体系的构建,基本解决了番石榴果汁产品在货架期内的沉淀问题;通过采用维生素C结合天然抗氧化剂的复合使用,有效地减少了浅色系番石榴果汁产品在货架期内色泽褐变和口味氧化问题。     

Effectiveness of synthetic and potential natural antioxidants in improving the stability of sheep's anhydrous butter fat during long-term storage

Sheep's anhydrous butter fat as prepared by including separately heat grits, turmeric, rosemary, sage, rue and fennel at a level of 75 g dry matter kg^?1 butter. The product as stored at room temperature in clear glass jars for a period of one year. The storage stabilities of the anhydrous butter fat samples ere compared ith a control and ith a sample treated ith a 1:1 mixture of BHA and BHT at a level of 0.25 g kg^?1. Both storage time and type of treatment had highly significant effects (P?0.01) on the peroxide value and free fatty acid content of the product. None of the treatments succeeded in keeping the peroxide value belo 5 mEq O₂ kg^?1 beyond the fourth month of storage. The BHA-BHT mixture and rosemary helped extend the peroxide induction period to 10 and 6 months respectively. Turmeric and heat grits ere as effective as BHA-BHT in controlling the oxidative rancidity during the first four months of storage. The rest of the herbs exhibited a pro-oxidant effect throughout the study hen they ere used separately. In a second experiment, some cases of positive synergistic interactions ere observed beteen turmeric and heat grits on one hand and the herbs used in the study on the other. This pattern as not regular as negative interactions ere also observed in some other cases. Free fatty acid content of all the samples remained belo 10 g kg^?1 as oleic acid; hoever, fennel had a significant (P?0.05) effect on controlling the evolution of free fatty acids.     

Effects of type of packaging material on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of deep‐fat‐fried banana chips

A storage study of deep‐fat‐fried banana chips was carried out for 8 weeks at ambient temperature (27 °C), using four types of packaging material: laminated aluminium foil (LAF), oriented polypropylene (OPP), polypropylene (PP) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the stored banana chips were analysed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The quality parameters determined were moisture content, water activity (a_w), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), texture (breaking force), colour and sensory attributes. The moisture content, a_w, TBARS and breaking force values of all samples increased during storage. The colour also changed during storage, showing higher L and lower a and b values. Samples packed in LAF had the lowest moisture content, a_w, TBARS and breaking force values. The most notable sensory change that occurred during storage was a decrease in crispness. Samples packed in LAF had higher scores than the other three samples, whilst LDPE gave the lowest scores for crispness as well as product colour. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in rancid odour among samples packed in OPP, PP and LDPE. However, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between samples packed in LAF and the other three samples, with LAF giving the lowest rancid odour. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quality characteristics of refined,bleached and deodorized palm olein and banana chips after deep‐fat frying

The changes in quality characteristics of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein used for deep‐fat frying of banana chips (180°C for 3 min at 17 min intervals for 2 h day^?1, to give six fryings per day and 30 fryings over five consecutive days) were studied. Four frying systems were used: RBD palm olein without antioxidant (system 1); RBD palm olein with 0.2 g kg^?1 α‐tocopherol (system 2); RBD palm olein with 1 g kg^?1 oleoresin rosemary (system 3); and RBD palm olein with the combination of 0.1 g kg^?1 α‐tocopherol + 0.5 g kg^?1 oleoresin rosemary (system 4). Fried oil samples were analysed for fatty acid composition, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AnV), totox value, free fatty acids (FFA) value, iodine value, at 232 and 268 nm, colour and viscosity. The crispness and sensory evaluation of the banana chips fried in this study were also evaluated. The results showed that RBD palm olein with added antioxidant reduced PV, AnV, totox value, at 232 and 268 nm, FFA and viscosity. The order of effectiveness in inhibiting oil oxidation in RBD palm olein was: oleoresin rosemary > α tocopherol + oleoresin rosemary > α‐tocopherol > control. For the crispness, the force values of banana chips fried in all systems were comparable. Sensory evaluation of fried banana chips for each system showed that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in terms of colour, flavour, odour, texture and overall acceptability. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Properties and antimicrobial activities of starch–sodium alginate composite films incorporated with sodium dehydroacetate or rosemary extract

Antimicrobial films were prepared with oxidized and acetylated corn starch–sodium alginate by incorporating sodium dehydroacetate or rosemary extract. Films incorporated with sodium dehydroacetate ≥ 0.1% or rosemary extract ≥ 0.3% had an anti‐Escherichia coli effect. Aspergillus niger could be effectively inhibited by the incorporation of sodium dehydroacetate ≥ 0.3%. Rosemary extract showed no inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger. Sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break, and increased the water vapor permeability of the films. Sodium dehydroacetate made the films more greenish–yellow with the increase of sodium dehydroacetate concentration. The color of the films became darker and more reddish–yellow as rosemary extract was increased. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis revealed that sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract reduced starch crystallinity. The surface of the films became rougher as a result of an addition of sodium dehydroacetate and rosemary extract. These findings had potential applications in prolonging food shelf life based on different needs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

几种抗氧化剂对棉籽油氧化稳定性的影响

利用Rancimat法研究3种天然抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E(VE)及合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对棉籽油抗氧化性能的影响.通过在棉籽油样品中添加不同质量浓度的单一和复合配比的抗氧化剂,分别测定诱导时间并考察抗氧化效果.结果表明,在棉籽油中单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能依次为TBHQ＞迷迭香＞茶多酚＞VE;在复合抗氧化剂组合中,迷迭香提取物与茶多酚以3∶1进行复配时具良好的协同增效作用;当3种天然抗氧化剂与TBHQ进行复配时,其抗氧化效果优于同等质量浓度的单一天然抗氧化剂.     

Use of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf for improving oxidative stability of microwave‐precooked traditional Thai pork patty and its frozen storage trial

A study was carried out to assess the effects of rosemary leaf, microwave cooking time and meat particle size on the oxidative stability of Thai‐style seasoned patties. A preliminary investigation to determine the optimum marination and microwave cooking times showed that they were, respectively, 120 and 12 min. These conditions were used to prepare patties for the main study, which showed that patties formed with smaller meat particles (1.5 vs. 4.7 mm) were more stable with regard to oxidative stability. Increased TBARS formation was observed for increasing microwave cooking time. Finally, patties with added rosemary leaf (3.2% by weight of the meat) were significantly more stable to oxidation than the controls and had a shelf life of 3–4 months in frozen storage (?18 °C). The microwave cooking time over 12 min seems excessively long.     

LC-MS/MS方法同时检测超声提取迷迭香(Rosmarnus officinalis L.)叶片中的4种主要成分

目的:建立一种同时测定迷迭香中迷迭香酸、鼠尾草酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸含量的LC-MS/MS分析方法,并优化超声辅助提取这4种物质的方法。方法:液相条件:采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈和水(含0.1%甲酸)进行梯度洗脱。质谱条件:ESI离子源,MRM负离子扫描方式,检测在不同提取溶剂、料液比、超声时间、pH值及酸种类的超声波辅助提取条件下4种物质的含量。结果:咖啡酸、绿原酸、迷迭香酸和鼠尾草酸在质量浓度范围分别为0.0005～0.5、0.0005～0.5、0.002～0.2、0.01～1mg/mL的条件下线性关系良好,并符合方法学考察要求;在最优提取条件下迷迭香酸含量为4.07mg/g,鼠尾草酸含量为14.50mg/g,绿原酸含量为8.49mg/g,咖啡酸含量为2.92mg/g。结论:该分析方法可快速灵敏地实现同时检测,并优化了这4种化合物的最佳提取条件。