Addition of different rosemary preparations (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) to chicken meatballs improves their quality profile

Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) preparations in baked, vacuum-packed meatballs from chicken meat during 14 days of storage at +4 °C was assessed. The meatballs were divided into the following groups: RD−with 1.0% of dried spice, REE40 and REE70−with 2.0% of ethanol extracts: 40% (v/v) and 70% (v/v), respectively, and REO−with 0.1% of essential oil. The CONTROL product did not contain added rosemary. In chicken meatballs, the antioxidant stability was determined, microbiological analyses as well as sensory evaluation were performed. After 14 days of storage, the strongest antioxidant activity in the chicken meatballs exhibited rosemary ethanol extracts. Compared with the CONTROL, the REE70 and REO had the best microbiological quality at the end of the storage period. All products with rosemary were sensory acceptable; however, the highest scores in the evaluation of all sensory attributes were obtained by the RD treatment.     

迷迭香的提取工艺及其在食品中的应用

主要阐述了迷迭香精油及抗氧化成分的提取工艺,并对其在食品中的应用进行了总结,以期为今后迷迭香更深入的研究利用提供参考。     

迷迭香化学成分及药理作用最新研究进展

综述了迷迭香的化学成分和药理作用的最新研究进展(2011~2015年),简述了其性状及加工方法。迷迭香作为使用价值丰富的唇形科植物,主要化学成分有迷迭香精油、鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酸等,药理作用包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗抑郁、代谢调节、抗神经损伤、抗炎、抗肿瘤等。     

迷迭香提取物对冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响

研究不同剂量迷迭香提取物对4 ℃冷藏调理猪肉饼抗脂肪氧化、抑菌能力及品质特性的影响。将0.03%、0.06%和0.09%的迷迭香提取物分别添加到调理猪肉饼中,测定其在10 d冷藏过程中硫代巴比妥酸值、菌落总数、pH值、颜色（L*、a*、b*值）、出品率和感官指标的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加迷迭香提取物的各处理组具有显著的抗脂肪氧化效果和更高的出品率（P＜0.05）,效果与添加0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯相当。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%和0.09%的处理组在冷藏7 d后表现出显著的抑菌能力（P＜0.05）,这两组的pH值在冷藏期间显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%的猪肉饼在冷藏4 d后红度值（a*）与对照组相比显著升高（P＜0.05）,迷迭香提取物添加量为0.09%的猪肉饼在10 d冷藏过程中亮度值（L*）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而这两组猪肉饼的黄度值（b*）在冷藏期间均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。此外,猪肉饼的香气、质地和总体可接受程度均没有随迷迭香提取物添加量的增加而发生显著变化（P＞0.05）。可见,迷迭香提取物在调理猪肉饼中具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌效果,并且在一定程度上能改善肉饼颜色,而对肉饼的感官品质不会造成不良影响。     

迷迭香活性包装对虾仁冷藏过程中脂质氧化与 质构的影响

目的研究不同浓度迷迭香活性包装对虾仁冷藏过程中脂质氧化与质构的影响。方法将不同浓度的迷迭香加入包装材料来保藏虾仁,研究冷藏过程中虾仁过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS)值、巯基(sulfhydryl,SH)、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性和质构特性的变化。结果迷迭香活性包装对冷藏期间虾仁的脂质氧化有一定的抑制作用,而且和迷迭香的浓度呈正相关。在虾仁冷藏的12天内,迷迭香添加量为0.75 mg/cm~2实验组的过氧化值相对于空白对照组降低47%,TBARS相对于空白对照组降低31%。质构数据表明,迷迭香活性包装能延缓虾仁硬度、弹性、咀嚼性的改变。结论迷迭香活性包装能有效抑制冷藏虾仁的品质变化,并能延缓质构劣变,是一种有潜力的虾仁包装技术。     

迷迭香脂溶性提取物在栀子油中的抗氧化性研究

研究比较栀子油中分别添加脂溶性迷迭香抗氧化剂和化学抗氧化剂后,栀子油的共轭二烯及酮类物质生成、过氧化值、DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基清除率等的差异。结果表明:添加迷迭香脂溶物鼠尾草酸+鼠尾草酚可显著抑制栀子油共轭二烯和过氧化物的生成,减缓DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基清除率的下降幅度,表现出优于化学合成抗氧化剂BHA+BHT的抗氧化活性;而迷迭香脂溶物熊果酸+齐墩果酸也具有一定的抗氧化性,但其效果与化学合成抗氧化剂差异不显著。该结果为新型油脂抗氧化剂的应用提供参考。     

迷迭香复配液对大黄鱼冰藏品质及水分迁移的影响

为研究迷迭香提取物与ε-聚赖氨酸（ε-polylysine,PL）复配液对大黄鱼冰藏期间品质和水分迁移的影响,将新鲜大黄鱼置于2 g/L迷迭香提取物（rosemary extract,RE）与1 g/L PL形成的复配液中浸渍处理20 min（RP组）,沥干后放入蒸煮袋中包装,在4 ℃冰箱中碎冰贮藏,并以无菌水处理样品为CK组。贮藏期间分别进行感官得分、理化性质及菌落总数测定,并结合持水力、低场核磁共振技术（low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR）研究迷迭香复配液对大黄鱼冰藏期水分迁移情况的影响。结果表明：CK组样品在第9天时感官已不可接受,此时鱼片暗淡无光泽,肉质较松散,有较强腐臭味,而RP组样品仍保持较好的感官品质,在13 d时体表稍暗淡;同时,pH值和电导率在贮藏期间呈先降后升的趋势,RP组pH值、电导率、挥发性盐基氮含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、菌落总数均明显低于CK组,由此说明迷迭香复配液具有明显的抗氧化与抑菌性能;结合持水力和LF-NMR分析结果得出,迷迭香复配液能有效改善冰藏大黄鱼的持水性能,抑制自由水含量的升高,延缓其品质下降。综合各评价指标,CK组样品的冰藏期为6～9 d,而RP组样品可延长至13～15 d。因此,迷迭香复配液在不影响大黄鱼鱼肉感官品质的情况下可有效改善其贮藏品质,延长其冰藏期。     

迷迭香黄酮的微波提取及其β-环糊精钾金属有机骨架材料包结物稳定性研究

目的:研究迷迭香黄酮的微波提取工艺及其β-环糊精钾金属有机骨架材料包结物(RF-K-CD-MOF)的稳定性。方法:通过单因素实验和响应面法确定微波辅助提取迷迭香黄酮的最佳条件;采用D101大孔树脂纯化迷迭香黄酮,并通过高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)进行评价;采用溶液包覆法制备RF-K-CD-MOF。结果:最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数45%,液料比40:1 (mL:g),微波温度77 ℃,微波功率500 W,提取时间7 min。在此条件下,总黄酮得率为7.88%,黄酮的纯度为30%。纯化后的黄酮纯度由30%提高到70%。黄酮的包结率为87.9%。包埋后迷迭香黄酮的热稳定性及耐酸碱稳定性均有所改善,70 ℃贮存9 d后,总黄酮保存率从20.9%提高到60.6%;对中性环境下稳定性改善作用最显著,总黄酮保存率从41.69%提高到82.58%。结论:响应面法优化迷迭香黄酮提取工艺高效快捷,大孔树脂纯化迷迭香黄酮效果显著,RF-K-CD-MOF的热稳定性及耐酸碱性明显优于迷迭香黄酮提取物。     

Rosemary Extract‐Mediated Lifespan Extension and Attenuated Oxidative Damage in Drosophila melanogaster Fed on High‐Fat Diet

Rosemary extract has a potent antioxidant activity and is widely used in the food industry. In this study, the lifespan prolonging and antioxidant activity of rosemary extract was evaluated by high‐fat‐induced oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. The results revealed that the lifespan and climbing ability of fruit flies was enhanced significantly by feeding rosemary extract. Furthermore, feeding with rosemary extract significantly increased the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and significantly decreased the level of malonaldehyde. The gene expression of SOD, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 was enhanced and that for methuselah was significantly reduced. The comet assay showed that high‐fat diet‐induced DNA lesion was significantly reduced in larvae treated with the rosemary extract. Our results suggest that feeding with rosemary extract is effective to the extended lifespan in fruit flies by strengthening of the resistance to high‐fat‐induced oxidative stress and by stimulating, at least in part, the endogenous antioxidant response.